Printed electronics employing solution-processed materials is considered to be the key torealizing low-cost large-area electronic systems, but the performance of printed transistors isnot generally adequate for most intended applications due to limited performance of printablesemiconductors. In this dissertation, I propose an alternative approach of a printedswitch, where the use of semiconductors can be avoided by building mechanical switcheswith printed metal nanoparticles. I provide the rst demonstration of inkjet-printed microelectro-mechanical (MEM) switches with abrupt switching characteristics, very low on-stateresistance ( 10), and nearly perfect o -state behavior with immeasurable leakage withon/o current ratio of 107. The devices are fabricated using a novel process scheme to build3-dimensional cantilever structures from solution-processed metallic nanoparticles and sacricial polymers. These printed MEM switches thus represent a uniquely attractive path forrealizing printed electronics. I will also discuss an inkjet-printed microshell encapsulation asa new zero-level packaging technology. Inkjet-printing of silver nanoparticle ink is demonstratedto form porous microshells through which sacri cial oxide can be selectively removedto release MEMS structures. A second inkjet printing process using ner gold nanoparticleink or polymer is demonstrated to e ectively seal the microshells. This inkjet-printed microshell encapsulation technology is successfully applied to a MEM relay, and is demonstratedto mitigate the issue of contact oxidation. Speci cally, the stability of the relayON-state resistance is dramatically improved by more than a factor of 100.

关键词：微机电系统；印刷晶体管；半导体

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关键词：异步电路；计算 体系结构；最优时机策略；应用程序

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We consider a three-step three-player complete information Colonel Blotto game in this paper, in which the rst two players ght against a common adversary. Each player is endowed with certain amount of resources at the beginning of the game, and the number of battle elds on which a player and the adversary ghts is speci ed. The rst two players are allowed to form a coalition if it improves their payo s. In the rst stage, the rst two players may add battle elds and incur costs. In the second stage, the rst two players may transfer resources among each other. The adversary observes this transfer, and decides on the allocation of its resources to the two battles with the players.at the third step, the adversary and the other two players ght on the updated number of battle elds and receive payo s. We characterize the subgame-perfect Nash equilibrium (SPNE) of the game in various parameter regions. In particular, we show that there are certain parameter regions in which if the players act according to the SPNE strategies, then (i) one of the rst two players add battle elds and transfer resources to the other player (a coalition is formed), (ii) there is no addition of battle elds and no transfer of resources (no coalition is formed). We discuss the implications of the results on resource allocation for securing cyber physical systems.

关键词：网络物理安全；资源配置；游戏；应用程序

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With fast growing consumer demand for high speed mobile data capacity, wireless spec-trum has become increasingly precious. This drives the evolution of the personal wirelesscommunication, with new standards developed to improve the spectral efficiency. However,the available spectrum below 10GHz is very limited and packing more bits per second into the same bandwidth requires larger energy consumption as well as more stringent radio andMODEM performance. As a result, such an approach is not sustainable for meeting the future demand. A natural path is to move into higher frequency bands which have largerspectrum bandwidth but less commercial usage. Recent years have witnessed vast technology development on V-band (60GHz) Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN) andE-band (80GHz) point-to-point cellular backhauls. Meanwhile, the advancement of low-costCMOS technologies enables researchers to significantly improve the integration level of highspeed mm-wave radios with traditional analog and digital circuitry. However, current mmwave radio transmitters suffer from short communication distance and low energy efficiency.This is mainly caused by the reduced performance of the CMOS transmitters employing traditional Power Amplifiers (PAs) that suffer from low transistor breakdown voltage, lowpower gain and poor back-off characteristics. This dissertation investigates the challenges of designing efficient mm-wave transmitters for both long range and short range applications,and proposes concepts and techniques that can potentially break the barriers imposed by the low cost digital CMOS process. The scope of investigation and proposal extends fromthe architecture level down to the transistor level. Specifically, on-chip and spatial power combining techniques are analyzed and implemented to achieve larger transmitter Equiva-lent Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP). To enhance the average efficiency for modulated signals with high Peak-to-Average-Power-Ratio (PAPR), a direct digital-to-RF conversionarchitecture is proposed and implemented, enabling dynamic DC power scaling. Finally, a Quadrature Spatial Combining concept is introduced to eliminate the tradeoff between lowinsertion loss and high isolation present in a traditional Cartesian architecture with on-chip signal combiners. Prototype chips are fabricated and tested in 65nm CMOS technology toverify the proposed architectures and techniques.

关键词：高级体系结构；无线发射器；CMOS技术

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Legged millirobots, like the biological organisms that they mimic, can readily adapt to a va-riety of complex environments. These robots can operate in rough terrain, con ned spaces，and in the presence of obstacles such as foliage. This versatility makes legged millirobotsan ideal solution to tasks requiring high maneuverability in dicult and uncertain environments. Examples might include searching through wreckage in the aftermath of naturaldisasters, or performing inspection and maintenance tasks within the interiors of buildingsand other structures. Ideally, many of these tasks would be completed either autonomouslyor semi-autonomously, allowing human operators to focus on higher-level organization andcontrol. In order to operate e ectively without constant human guidance, legged millirobotsmust be equipped with adequate sensing capabilities to characterize and respond to their surroundings.

关键词：触觉传感器;爬行机器人;传感功能

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关键词：中国移动；号码转售；转售企业

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In this paper, we introduce an innovative software approach for building energyefficiency analysis. It takes real-time data from meters and sensors in the building, analyzes energy usage, and helps building managers to save energy.Buildings consume 40% of the $370 Billion annual energy cost in U.S., and 30% of energy consumption is wasted. Existing building control systems waste energy because of old HVAC(Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) equipment, lack of maintenance, over-cooling, overventilation and other reasons. More and more sensor nodes are deployed in the building forenergy monitoring, but the large amounts of data generated are not fully utilized. On the other hand, building scientists use energy models to do energy efficiency analysis, but the models theyuse are not accurate and it takes a long time to develop a full model.

关键词：数据测量；建筑能源模型；建筑控制系统；能源能效分析模型

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For many research problems, controlling and estimating the position of the mobile elementswithin an environment is desired. Realistic mobile environments are unstructured, but sharea set of common features, such as position, speed, and constraints on mobility. To estimate within these real-world environments requires careful selection of the best-suited estimation tools and software and hardware technologies. This dissertation discusses the design and implementation of applied estimation infrastructures which overcome the challenges of realworld deployments.

关键词：移动环境；位置移动元素；应用评估基础设施；非结构化

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Speci cation is the rst and arguably the most important step for formal veri cation and correct-by-construction synthesis. These tasks require understanding precisely a design's intended behavior, and thus are only e ective if the speci cation is created right. For example,much of the challenge in bug nding lies in nding the speci cation that mechanized tools can use to nd bugs. It is extremely dicult to manually create a complete suite of goodquality formal speci cations, especially given the enormous scale and complexity of designs today. Many real-world experiences indicate that poor or the lack of sucient speci cations can easily lead to misses of critical bugs, and in turn design re-spins and time-to-market slips.

关键词：矿业；应用程序；机械化工具

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The ability to sense and react to the environment is whatseparates robotic systems from simple machines. Surfaceinteraction sensing is a vital component for robots to adapt tounstructured human and natural environments [1]. However,there is not yet to see a convenient method for covering curved and complex surfaces common to today’s research robots in tactile sensors. The problem of gathering this information from transducers distributed on the surface of a robot is key to a viable sensing solution.

关键词：触觉传感器；低成本印刷；非结构化环境；原型系统

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