This class includes: Manufacture of plastics in primary forms: Polymers, including those of ethylene, propylene, styrene, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate and acrylics Polyamides Phenolic and epoxide resins and polyurethanes Alkyd and polyester resins and polyethers Silicones Ion-exchangers based on polymers Manufacture of synthetic rubber in primary forms:

Manufacture of paints and varnishes, enamels or lacquers Manufacture of prepared pigments and dyes, opacifiers and colours Manufacture of vitrifiable enamels and glazes and engobes and similar preparations Manufacture of mastics Manufacture of caulking compounds and similar non-refractory filling or surfacing preparations Manufacture of organic composite solvents and thinners Manufacture of prepared paint or varnish removers Manufacture of printing ink

This class includes: Manufacture of flat glass, including wired, coloured or tinted flat glass Manufacture of toughened or laminated flat glass Manufacture of glass in rods or tubes Manufacture of glass paving blocks Manufacture of glass mirrors Manufacture of multiple-walled insulating units of glass Manufacture of bottles and other containers of glass or crystal Manufacture of drinking glasses and other domestic glass or crystal articles Manufacture of glass fibres, including glass wool and non-woven products thereof Manufacture of laboratory, hygienic or pharmaceutical glassware Manufacture of clock or watch glasses, optical glass and optical elements not optically worked Manufacture of glassware used in imitation jewellery Manufacture of glass insulators and glass insulating fittings Manufacture of glass envelopes for lamps Manufacture of glass figurines

This class includes: Manufacture of non-refractory ceramic hearth or wall tiles, mosaic cubes etc. Manufacture of non-refractory ceramic flags and paving Manufacture of structural non-refractory clay building materials: Manufacture of ceramic bricks, roofing tiles, chimney pots, pipes, conduits etc. Manufacture of flooring blocks in baked clay Manufacture of ceramic sanitary fixtures

Reverse osmosis eliminates contaminants from feed water or unfiltered water when pressure forces it through a semipermeable membrane. Water flows from the more concentrated side (more contaminants) of the RO membrane to the less concentrated side (fewer contaminants) to provide clean drinking water. RO and nanofiltration membranes are usually used as a filtration method to eliminate numerous types of dissolved solids (large molecules and ions) from solutions by smearing pressure to the solution when it is on one side of a selective membrane. RO membranes are generally positioned as crossflow filters, where the high velocity of the wastewater along the filter retains the flow turbulence, which helps control the thickness of the solids on the filter and decreases plugging of the filter.

Plastics have become an inseparable part of modern lifestyle since their formation. Plastics are used for packaging, building and construction, automotive, consumer goods, electronics, and medical devices. To make plastics usable and to increase their processability, plastic additives are required to modify polymer resin. This helps in enhancing several characteristics that manifold the value of plastic materials. Various types of additives such as flame retardants, heat stabilizers, lubricants, and slip additives, blowing agents, antistatic agents, antioxidants, and light stabilizers are used for the modification of polymer resins.

Over the last few years, personal care products have become part and parcel of consumer’s life. It includes array of product such as soaps, liquid soaps, hair gel, hair oil, shampoos, anti-aging face creams, sunscreen products and others. Chemicals used in personal care products range from basic metallic salts and fatty acids used in ordinary bath soaps to the high-end cosmeceuticals that offer beautifying properties of cosmetics with useful benefits of pharmaceuticals and chemicals.

Nanofiltration (NF) is a membrane filtration-based process or liquid-separation technology that uses membranes with nanometer-sized pores to remove dissolved contaminants. NF membranes have pore sizes ranging from 1-10 nanometers, which is smaller than membranes used in microfiltration and ultrafiltration. However, the size of NF membranes is larger than RO membranes. NF membranes offer high rejection of multivalent ions (such as calcium) and low rejection of monovalent ions (such as chloride). The nanofiltration technology is used to recycle wastewater due to high flux rates and relatively lower energy consumption than RO technology. In addition, NF is often employed in the manufacturing process for pharmaceuticals, textiles, dairy products, and baked goods.

Disinfecting is a procedure that uses chemicals/disinfectants to kill germs on surfaces and objects. Some common disinfectants include bleach and alcohol-based solutions. Disinfectants are usually left on target surfaces and objects for a certain period to kill germs. Also, the task of sanitizing can involve either cleaning or disinfecting or both. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), sanitizing refers to lowering the number of germs on the surface to a safe level. The safe level depends on public health standards or requirements at workplaces, such as healthcare facilities. Some common ways of disinfecting and sanitizing include mopping a floor using a mop with disinfectants and water, disinfectant wipes or hand sanitizers, and others.

Dicyclopentadiene is a chemical compound with the formula C10H12. It is co-produced in large quantities in the steam cracking of naphtha and gas oils to ethylene as part of the separation process of crude C5 streams. It is a colorless, waxy, flammable solid or liquid with a camphor-like odor. Dicyclopentadiene is highly flammable, with a flashpoint of 90°F/32°C and a boiling point of 338ºF/170°C. The major uses are in resins, particularly unsaturated polyester resins. As a chemical intermediate, it is used for making insecticides, hardeners, and dryers in linseed and soybean oil and in the production of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) elastomers, metallocenes, resins, varnishes, and paints.