The integer order fuzzy Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller has been generalized in this chapter to include fractional order derivative and integrals. It works on the closed loop error and its fractional derivative as the input and has a fractional integrator in its output. Other fractional variants of the integer order fuzzy logic controller are also briefly introduced. The fractional order differ-integrations in the proposed fuzzy logic controller (FLC) are kept as design variables along with the input-output scaling factors (SF) and are optimized with Genetic Algorithm (GA) while minimizing several integral error indices along with the control signal as the objective function. Simulations studies are carried out to control a delayed nonlinear process and an open loop unstable process with time delay. The closed loop performances and controller efforts in each case are compared with conventional PID, fuzzy PID and PI~λD~μ controller subjected to different integral performance indices. Simulation results show that the proposed fractional order fuzzy PID controller outperforms the others in most cases.

关键词：控制器；分数阶微积分；模糊；PID

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关键词：控制器；控制系统；性能评价

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Current Kennedy Space Center practice results in half the hydrogen purchased being lost——Leads to large economic losses. KSC needs are different than other industrial gas customers. The industrial gas companies are optimized for other customers needs. KSC should modernize its liquid hydrogen systems, taking into account cryogenic advances made in the past 50 years, to optimize life cycle costs for the unique KSC application. Project H ideas for local hydrogen production, gaseous distribution, integrated refrigeration and storage, and high efficiency transfer lines should be investigated further

关键词：液态氢；地面操作；示范装置

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The Construction Equipment market has experienced several pitfalls in the past decade because of the global economic recession. The Crane market forms an integral part of the Construction Equipment market and has co-witnessed the market falls. There are broadly three types of cranes: mobile cranes, marine and port cranes, and fixed cranes. Cranes can be categorized as per their load lifting capacity, lift height, and outreach. The Global Crane market is currently undergoing a radical change, fueled by the growth of emerging economies, exponential growth of the Infrastructure industry, and drive toward greater energy efficiency.

关键词：建筑设备；全球经济衰退；移动式起重机；海洋；港口起重机；固定式起重机

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The six important technical areas were selected by the workshop organizing committee, a group of experts from the auto and steel industries, and scientists from several National Laboratories. These selections were based on areas where there were known technical gaps, which if closed would have high impact on accelerating vehicle lightweighting with AHSS. The selected areas were: Steel Development, Fracture, Plasticity, Delayed Fracture/Hydrogen Embrittlement, Modulus Characterization and Joining. The main output of the workshop is contained within the breakout session reports, which summarize the technical requirements, engineering gaps and research needs. The breakout session reports are included below in the main workshop report.

关键词：钢铁；汽车；材料加工；车间；汽车燃料

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The objective of this study was to investigate and evaluate the usage and effectiveness of innovative traffic control devices that can be used in short-term work zones. Any device to be used in short-term work zones should command the respect of drivers, be durable, have an easily understood meaning, be low cost, be quick and easy to install and remove, and be reusable. This study was conducted in three sections: a literature review of previously published research, a nationwide usage survey, and a field test for a selected device, portable plastic rumble strip (PPRS). PPRSs, which have been tested on a closed course, were found to be a device potentially suitable for use at shortterm work zones. This field study was to investigate the effects of the PPRSs and drivers response to them at three short-term maintenance work zones in Kansas. The results showed that the effect of PPRSs in speed reductions was more significant on cars than on trucks. The PPRSs reduced car speeds by 4.6 to 11.4 miles per hour. They also created 5.0 to 11.7 miles per hour mean speed reduction for trucks, but the reductions were only at two test sites. It was observed that 30 to 80 percent of truck drivers activated their brakes (indicated by brake light illumination) when they approached the PPRSs. In addition, about five percent of car and truck drivers swerved around the PPRSs. This indicates that additional signage or other supplemental traffic devices would be needed when the PPRSs are implemented.

关键词：汽车；交通控制设备；行车安全；工作区；衰减器

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To examine drivers' perceptions of and attitudes toward car navigation systems, the present study integrated perceived satisfaction and perceived loca-tional accuracy into a modified technology acceptance model, and investigated hypothesized causal paths proposed by the research model with data collected from an online survey (N = 1,204). Results from the structural equation modeling indicated that perceived satisfaction and locational accuracy played crucial roles in determining perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of the navigation systems. Implications and limitations are discussed.

关键词：汽车;汽车导航系统;技术接受模型;感知满意度

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A 37-year-old diesel mechanic employed by a railroad transportation company died when his loaded utility truck collided with the rear of a semi-trailer on a four-lane interstate highway. The mechanic was driving at highway speed during daylight hours when he failed to stop in time and struck the semi, which was moving slowly in traffic that had backed up due to a car fire two miles downstream. There was severe damage to the mechanic's truck, with underside of the cab and intrusion up to the right rear tires of the trailer ahead. The force of the collision caused a chain reaction, pushing the struck tractor-trailer forward into a second tractor-trailer that had stopped in backed up traffic. Fire and rescue responders arrived from the nearby town located four miles away. The mechanic, who was wearing a safety belt, suffered blunt force trauma as a result of the collision and was pronounced deceased at the scene. He was extricated by mechanical means from the truck cab and was found holding a cell phone. Law enforcement officers' examination of the phone activity revealed the mechanic had exchanged several voice/text messages prior to the crash and was initiating a voice/text message application at the time of the collision. The driver's failure to notice the tractor trailer ahead and stop in time was attributed to texting. Drivers of the other two vehicles were not severely injured.

关键词：汽车；事故调查；柴油机械师；机动车碰撞

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The finite element model for the cab body-in-white (BIW) of heavy commercial vehicle is setup,and based on which a modal analysis is performed.In order to verify the accuracy of the model,using multiple input multiple output methods on body structure modal test,using modal analysis technique to identify the inherent frequency and vibration type.Access to the cab modal distribution,in order to improve the structure of the weak areas to enhance the overall performance of structure,proposed amendments.

关键词：汽车；型商用车；驾驶室白车身；有限元法；模态分析

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Traditionally there has been a distinction between Combinatorial Solid Geometry (CSG) modeling systems and Sculptured Surface Design modeling systems. CSG modeling systems largely model parts which are unsculptured and consist of combinations of common shapes like spheres, prisms, ellipsoids, and the like. These shapes are represented as planar half spaces, and algebraic quadratic surfaces. The boolean combination of these surfaces is usually performed by ray-tracing. Sculptured Surface Design concerns itself with modeling the surface of an object, i.e., the boundaries of an object like an aircraft, a ship, or an automobile. The boundaries are represented by using parametric tensor-product surfaces consisting of Bezier curves and Nonuniform Rational B-spline Surfaces (NURBS). There are many times however, when both modeling approaches are needed. In particular it is often desirable to introduce free-form surfaces into the CSG system. Recent advances in ray- tracing free-form surfaces have allowed the integration of free-form objects in CSG systems. This presentation will discuss the development and integration of NURBS into the Ballistics Research Laboratory CSG modeling system.

关键词：汽车；计算机图形几何；模型；光线跟踪

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