The objective of this study was to investigate and evaluate the usage and effectiveness of innovative traffic control devices that can be used in short-term work zones. Any device to be used in short-term work zones should command the respect of drivers, be durable, have an easily understood meaning, be low cost, be quick and easy to install and remove, and be reusable. This study was conducted in three sections: a literature review of previously published research, a nationwide usage survey, and a field test for a selected device, portable plastic rumble strip (PPRS). PPRSs, which have been tested on a closed course, were found to be a device potentially suitable for use at shortterm work zones. This field study was to investigate the effects of the PPRSs and drivers response to them at three short-term maintenance work zones in Kansas. The results showed that the effect of PPRSs in speed reductions was more significant on cars than on trucks. The PPRSs reduced car speeds by 4.6 to 11.4 miles per hour. They also created 5.0 to 11.7 miles per hour mean speed reduction for trucks, but the reductions were only at two test sites. It was observed that 30 to 80 percent of truck drivers activated their brakes (indicated by brake light illumination) when they approached the PPRSs. In addition, about five percent of car and truck drivers swerved around the PPRSs. This indicates that additional signage or other supplemental traffic devices would be needed when the PPRSs are implemented.

关键词：汽车；交通控制设备；行车安全；工作区；衰减器

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To examine drivers' perceptions of and attitudes toward car navigation systems, the present study integrated perceived satisfaction and perceived loca-tional accuracy into a modified technology acceptance model, and investigated hypothesized causal paths proposed by the research model with data collected from an online survey (N = 1,204). Results from the structural equation modeling indicated that perceived satisfaction and locational accuracy played crucial roles in determining perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of the navigation systems. Implications and limitations are discussed.

关键词：汽车;汽车导航系统;技术接受模型;感知满意度

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A 37-year-old diesel mechanic employed by a railroad transportation company died when his loaded utility truck collided with the rear of a semi-trailer on a four-lane interstate highway. The mechanic was driving at highway speed during daylight hours when he failed to stop in time and struck the semi, which was moving slowly in traffic that had backed up due to a car fire two miles downstream. There was severe damage to the mechanic's truck, with underside of the cab and intrusion up to the right rear tires of the trailer ahead. The force of the collision caused a chain reaction, pushing the struck tractor-trailer forward into a second tractor-trailer that had stopped in backed up traffic. Fire and rescue responders arrived from the nearby town located four miles away. The mechanic, who was wearing a safety belt, suffered blunt force trauma as a result of the collision and was pronounced deceased at the scene. He was extricated by mechanical means from the truck cab and was found holding a cell phone. Law enforcement officers' examination of the phone activity revealed the mechanic had exchanged several voice/text messages prior to the crash and was initiating a voice/text message application at the time of the collision. The driver's failure to notice the tractor trailer ahead and stop in time was attributed to texting. Drivers of the other two vehicles were not severely injured.

关键词：汽车；事故调查；柴油机械师；机动车碰撞

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The finite element model for the cab body-in-white (BIW) of heavy commercial vehicle is setup,and based on which a modal analysis is performed.In order to verify the accuracy of the model,using multiple input multiple output methods on body structure modal test,using modal analysis technique to identify the inherent frequency and vibration type.Access to the cab modal distribution,in order to improve the structure of the weak areas to enhance the overall performance of structure,proposed amendments.

关键词：汽车；型商用车；驾驶室白车身；有限元法；模态分析

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In this study,a 14×6JJ a-alloy automobile wheel was used as the object,the fatigue strength and lifetime of the wheel suffered from varying amplitude load were predicted with a cumulative danage theory (the modified Miner theorem),which was considered to be accurate and secure,based on the analysis of load spectrum.The predicted lifetime was verified using a reliability theory.The results showed that,the modified Miner theorem was reliable in the prediction of the lifetime of an automobile a-alloy wheel.

关键词：汽车；合金汽车轮毂；耐疲劳性设计

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Traditionally there has been a distinction between Combinatorial Solid Geometry (CSG) modeling systems and Sculptured Surface Design modeling systems. CSG modeling systems largely model parts which are unsculptured and consist of combinations of common shapes like spheres, prisms, ellipsoids, and the like. These shapes are represented as planar half spaces, and algebraic quadratic surfaces. The boolean combination of these surfaces is usually performed by ray-tracing. Sculptured Surface Design concerns itself with modeling the surface of an object, i.e., the boundaries of an object like an aircraft, a ship, or an automobile. The boundaries are represented by using parametric tensor-product surfaces consisting of Bezier curves and Nonuniform Rational B-spline Surfaces (NURBS). There are many times however, when both modeling approaches are needed. In particular it is often desirable to introduce free-form surfaces into the CSG system. Recent advances in ray- tracing free-form surfaces have allowed the integration of free-form objects in CSG systems. This presentation will discuss the development and integration of NURBS into the Ballistics Research Laboratory CSG modeling system.

关键词：汽车；计算机图形几何；模型；光线跟踪

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Particle emissions of a diesel car fueled with coal to liquids (CTL) on road were tested.The particle number and size distribution were mainly studied.Three typical roads were adopted in this test, including urban arterial roads, secondary roads and freeways.The results show that transient particle number of the car has a corresponding relationship with the vehicle speed.With the speed increasing, the number of both nucleation mode particles and accumulation mode particles increase continuously.With the CTL blend ratio increasing, the number of nucleation mode particles and accumulation mode particles decreases, especially accumulation mode particles whose size are more than 100nm diameter.With the CTL blend ratio increasing, the particle numbers in the three typical roads show downward trends, especially on freeways.It shows that the CTL fuel can distinctly reduce the exhaust particle number of diesel cars on road.

关键词：汽车；柴油车；煤制液体；粒子发射

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This paper presents an Extension theory-based approach to product design,the basic idea is to use combined qualitative and quantitative modeling in Extenics to describe the user's possible product using process as well as the corresponding internal structural,assembly and motion relationships of product, then mark the contradictory problems via the correlation between the magnitudes and characteristics of various elements, and then obtain the design scheme meeting the requirements by extension transformation method.

关键词：汽车；定性和定量建模；扩展变换方法；装配

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Based on the research of the CAN/LIN bus communication protocol,an automobile lamps diagnostic system based on the CAN/LIN bus is designed.After the completion of the software and hardware designs of CAN nodes,LIN nodes and CAN/LIN nodes,the faults of automobile lamps can be successfully diagnosed.LIN node collects light switches and the gateway controls the car light's status via detecting the data frame on the LIN bus.The design and complementation of CAN node,LIN node and CAN/LIN gateway was finished,which made it possible to detect failures in vehicle.

关键词：汽车；CAN/ LAN总线；故障诊断；汽车灯

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This report discusses light-vehicle crash countermeasure profiles and functions for five target pre-crash scenario groups based on vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications. Target pre-crash scenario groups include rear-end, lane change, opposite direction, junction crossing, and left turn across path from opposite direction (LTAP/OD) crashes involving at least one light vehicle (e.g., passenger car, van, minivan, sport utility vehicle, or light pickup truck with a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or less). There are 10 pre-crash scenarios in these groups to be addressed by V2V-based crash countermeasures. Kinematic equations are presented for the time-to-collision and avoidance maneuvers to identify information needs for these crash countermeasures. Information needs are translated into countermeasure functional requirements based on relevant safety applications devised in two prior research projects dealing with cooperative V2V communications and autonomous vehicle-based sensing systems. This report identifies two target pre-crash scenarios that would require new safety applications not developed in prior projects, including the LTAP/OD and opposite direction/no vehicle maneuver pre-crash scenarios.

关键词：汽车；避免撞车；车辆安全；通信系统

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