Some of the latest medical technologies are fostering the development of new healthcare models that will benefit insured patients and the healthcare insurance sector. New technologies can improve disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment and enhance patient safety and health system coordination. Also, advanced medical technologies optimize the use of resources, ensure sustainability, and reduce waiting times and errors. Rapid and reliable Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have emerged as vital components in improving the quality of human health.

Some of the latest medical technologies are fostering the development of new healthcare models that will benefit insured patients and the healthcare insurance sector. New technologies can improve disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment and enhance patient safety and health system coordination. Also, advanced medical technologies optimize the use of resources, ensure sustainability, and reduce waiting times and errors. Rapid and reliable Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have emerged as vital components in improving the quality of human health. The use of several healthcare technologies has contributed to the development of different applications in various health coverage programs, such as electronic health records, telemedicine, e-prescription, and revenue cycle management.

Cybersecurity is a continuously developing industry, and it impacts all the sectors across the globe. Organizations are moving from integrated security teams to communicating the responsibilities with the application teams, and the industry has put added focus on partnership and the communication of information in the community to make certain the highest level of possible efficacy. Today, ransomware, fileless malware, and nation-state attacks dominate the cybersecurity conversation. Companies are shifting from previously reactive stances to more proactive ones. Real-time threat analysis, breach detection, and predictive modeling signal a significant shift away from information security toward intelligent security.

Disinfecting is a procedure that uses chemicals/disinfectants to kill germs on surfaces and objects. Some common disinfectants include bleach and alcohol-based solutions. Disinfectants are usually left on target surfaces and objects for a certain period to kill germs. Also, the task of sanitizing can involve either cleaning or disinfecting or both. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), sanitizing refers to lowering the number of germs on the surface to a safe level. The safe level depends on public health standards or requirements at workplaces, such as healthcare facilities. Some common ways of disinfecting and sanitizing include mopping a floor using a mop with disinfectants and water, disinfectant wipes or hand sanitizers, and others.

Diagnostics is an important and integral part of healthcare that is used both for medical examinations and for planning and monitoring the treatment of sick patients. Hematology is one of the basic specialties that forms most tests performed in a routine medical laboratory operation. Hematology tests are one of the most performed diagnostic tests across the globe. The increased research and development have resulted in various diagnostic insights from studying blood. Blood components are seen as markers for various healthcare conditions. This scope is increasing, and many rare blood-related disorders also can be identified using simpler hematology tests. This is driving the demand for new hematology innovations in the market.

2019年，全国药品流通市场销售规模稳步增长，增速略有回升。大型药品批发企业销售加速增长，集中度继续提升；零售行业集中度、连锁率进一步提高；医药物流向智慧物流迈进，专业化服务能力显著提升；医药电商进入快速成长阶段。2020年，受整体经济环境和各种因素影响，药品流通行业增长将承受更大压力。

随着药品集中采购等政策的实施以及大数据等新技术的应用，我国药品流通行业实现了多重转型。本文对药品流通行业转型的政策及社会背景进行梳理，归纳了当前药品流通行业转型的主要方式与表现，包括商业模式转型、行业集中度提高、供应链整合以及“互联网+药品流通”等新业态发展，并指出了转型过程仍存在价格管制未实现预期效果、“4+7”药品带量采购的价格形成机制需要进一步完善等问题。在转型方向预判的基础上，提出未来药品流通行业转型的管理对策。

本文梳理了我国药品集中采购的制度沿革历程，在此基础上分析药品集中采购政策变化和取得的成效。同时指出集采带来的有关问题，包括出现“价格联盟”、低价药被迫退出市场、大幅降价难以长期维续、难以保证药品质量等。通过研判药品集采的制度改革趋势，提出加强集采管理的对策建议。

Personal protective equipment (PPE) includes various products like gloves, face masks, surgical gowns, and more. There is always a huge demand for PPE materials across the globe due to the developing healthcare infrastructure in developing countries and the increased requirement for safety measures in healthcare setups. In a few cases, the demand for PPEs is due to exceptional factors like disease outbreaks, pandemics, and epidemics. The world is exposed to multiple outbreaks and other disastrous infections. One such event occurred in 2019, which started as a simple respiratory infection, and later spread to more than 190 countries and killed millions of people across the globe. The COVID-19 pandemic is driving the demand for various PPE materials in healthcare settings. An important PPE material that is largely in demand during the pandemic, pre-pandemic, and post-pandemic, is medical face masks. This is one of the most essential materials used in various healthcare settings from hospitals, labs, research centers, ambulatory surgical centers, long-term care facilities, clinics, and more.

Technology plays a very important role in the healthcare and medical fields. Several technological equipment and devices such as digital thermometers, insulin pumps, smart inhaler pulse oximeters, blood glucose meters, wireless brain sensors have been designed for better healthcare. In the medical field, over 500,000 technological devices are being used in hospital settings and various other healthcare facilities. With growing technology in healthcare, there have been advancements in Internet of Things (IoT) and sensors that improve patient safety, information accuracy, and critical quality control. Healthcare technology has the potential to improve the use of sensors in the medical sector.