Hand sanitizers are alternatives for washing hands with soap and water. They are also known as hand antiseptics. They are available in many forms such as gel, foam, and liquid. The major active ingredients used in hand sanitizers are isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, and n-propanol. Some of the inactive ingredients used in hand sanitizers are glycerine, propylene glycol, and essential oils of plants as a thickening agent. Alcohol-based sanitizers are more effective than soap. They are antiseptic products used to avoid the spreading of germs. The level of alcohol can vary between 60% and 85%. The most commonly used level is 62%.

关键词：洗手液；消毒剂；凝胶；泡沫；液体；避免病菌；传播防腐剂

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The history of phytosterols dates back to the 1950s when the first known pharmaceutical preparation of phytosterols, Cytellin, was introduced in the US market. After their introduction, the adoption of phytosterols started in the 1990s. Phytosterols are widely available in a number of natural sources such as fruits, vegetables, and nuts. To complement these natural sources, phytosterols are being increasingly incorporated into the human diet through fortified functional foods and dietary supplements. Furthermore, phytosterols are also being used in the manufacture of face creams and lipsticks. Phytosterols are known to block the cholesterol absorption in the small intestine and thereby aid in the reduction of LDL cholesterol or bad cholesterol. There is also substantial evidence, as suggested by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to justify the same. Phytosterols are also known to help in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Various health regulatory bodies prescribe different dosage rates of phytosterols, but a minimum intake of two grams of phytosterols daily is recommended in order to experience the health benefits offered by these compounds.

关键词：植物甾醇；甾类化合物；人类饮食；强化；功能食品；膳食补充剂

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Nitrogen is an essential plant nutrient. Although the chemical is abundant in the earth's atmosphere, some plants are incapable of converting it into a usable form. Hence, nitrogenous fertilizers are used to help enhance plant growth rates, and colors. The nitrogen in fertilizers stimulates the chloroplasts in the cells of plants, thereby improving the rate of photosynthesis and ensuring consistent crop quality and yield. These fertilizers are available as dry pellets and in liquid form.

关键词：氮；人体必需；植物营养素；含氮肥料；促进；植物；生长速率；色彩

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EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD) requested the Science Advisory Board (SAB) to conduct a peer review of EPA's draft Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) assessment, entitled Toxicological Review of Libby Amphibole Asbestos (August 2011). The draft document is the first IRIS assessment specific to Libby Amphibole asbestos (LAA), a term used to refer to the mixture of amphibole mineral fibers identified in the Rainy Creek complex near Libby, Montana. The SAB was asked to comment on the scientific soundness of the hazard and dose-response assessment of LAA-induced cancer and non-cancer health effects.

关键词：毒性；角闪石；石棉；癌；致癌物；医药

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Polymer nanocomposite materials containing inorganic fillers such as metallic particles dispersed in a polymer have been the subject of intense research because of their enormous potential as electronic, photonic and energy storage materials. These hybrid materials combine the functionality of nanoparticles with the processability of polymer films. However, in order to achieve optimal performance of the composite material a uniform dispersion of nanoparticles is necessary to fully utilize the properties of nanoparticles. Usually the dispersion of nanoparticles in polymers is challenging and the nanoparticles tend to agglomerate or/and phase separate in the host polymer matrix.

关键词：无机填料；纳米金；纳米复合材料

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The exploration and understanding of electronic material properties and how they can be implemented into a usable form for electronics is the driving force behind developing new types of devices and electronic systems. Within these new types of electronic systems, transparent and flexible electronics represent two emerging fields that have gathered much attention.

关键词：电子材料；子系统；氧化物薄膜；晶体管

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从土壤真菌棘孢曲霉(Aspergillus aculeatus)中分离得到2个新化合物和2个已知化合物,采用质谱(MS)、一维核磁共振波谱(1D NMR)、异核多键相关谱(HMBC)、异核单量子相关谱(HSQC)和旋转坐标NOE谱(ROESY)等方法对化合物的结构进行了鉴定,化合物2的顺反构型通过ROESY数据进一步确定.鉴定结果表明,2个新化合物分别为2-(2’-4’-6’-三羟基)-7-羟基-5-甲基色原酮{2-(2’,4’,6’-trihydroxyphenyl)-(7-hydroxy-5-methyl)chromone}(1)和(E)-4-羟基-3-[(3-甲基-4-羟基-2-丁烯)氧代]苯甲酸{(E)-4-hydroxy-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)oxy]benzoic acid}(2);2个已知化合物分别为(S)-2-[(2’-羟基)丙基]-5-甲基-7-羟基色原酮{2-(2’-hydroxypropyl)-5-methyl-7-hydroxychromone}(3)和(3R,4S)-8-羟基-3,4,5-三甲基-6酮-4,6-二氢-3H-异色烯-7-羧酸{(3R,4S)-8-hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethyl-6-oxo-4,6-dihydro-3H-isochromene-7-carboxylic acid}(4).活性测试结果表明,这4个化合物均表现出一定的抗氧化活性.

关键词：真菌；棘孢曲霉；核磁共振；黄酮；抗氧化活性

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合成了7个大黄素季铵盐、2个芦荟大黄素季铵盐、1个水溶性大黄素季铵盐和1个α-萘酚醌苯基甲烷季铵盐化合物,并测试了其抗癌活性.含有1条长碳链的大黄素季铵盐的抗癌活性很低,但是含有2条长碳链的大黄素和芦荟大黄素季铵盐的抗癌活性较好.用亲水性的长链替代季铵盐中亲脂性的长碳链会导致大黄素季铵盐失去抗癌活性.α-萘酚醌苯基甲烷季铵盐显示了中等的抗癌活性,表明在具有电子传递能力的分子中引入亲脂性的长碳链季铵盐可以增加其抗癌活性. 

关键词：大黄素；芦荟大黄素；亲脂性阳离子；抗癌活性

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基于聚多巴胺纳米粒子(PDA NPs)对Cy5标记单链DNA(Cy5-ssDNA)探针的荧光猝灭效应以及脱氧核糖核酸酶Ⅰ(DNaseⅠ)选择性切割DNA/RNA杂合结构中单链DNA的特性,建立了一种用于微小核糖核酸(miRNA)检测的新型恒温信号放大方法.在优化的实验条件下,体系的相对荧光强度(FR)与miR-21浓度的对数值成正比;对miR-21检测的线性范围为10 pmol/L~100 nmol/L,检出限达7 pmol/L.血清加标实验结果表明,该方法可用于生理环境下miR-21的检测.

关键词：聚多巴胺纳米粒子；微小核糖核酸；脱氧核糖核酸酶Ⅰ；荧光共振能量转移

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以三嵌段共聚物P123为模板剂,NaCl为助剂,1,2-二(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)乙烷为硅源,在水热合成过程中引入钛源,原位一步合成了四配位Ti掺杂在骨架内的SBA-15型有机杂化介孔分子筛(Ti-PMO).利用小角X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜以及低温N2物理吸附等手段表征了Ti-PMO的晶体结构和织构性能,并利用紫外-可见漫反射光谱考察了钛源种类、钛源预水解时间、溶液酸性以及Si/Ti摩尔比对Ti存在形态的影响.研究结果表明,通过精确调控Ti-PMO的合成条件,可使钛源水解产生的低聚中间体与硅源水解产生的低聚中间体充分接触并发生共缩聚,引入的Ti原子能够最终随着水解的氧化硅物种自组装生成有序介孔结构的SBA-15型分子筛,并以四配位形式均匀分布于PMO骨架中.以Cl2TiCp2为钛源,盐酸浓度为0.18mol/L时,钛源预水解6h后加入硅源,在Si/Ti摩尔比大于20时可以得到骨架内四配位Ti掺杂的高度有序介孔结构有机杂化分子筛,其具有良好的热稳定性及水热稳定性. 

关键词：有机杂化介孔分子筛；四配位Ti；掺杂；水解速率；水热合成

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