Non-volatile, non-flammable and polymerizable ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes for high-performance dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been synthesized and characterized. These ILs serve as promising electrolytes for advanced dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). We have characterized the thermo- physical and electrochemical properties of these ILs for DSSC-specific applications. Computer simulations have been performed to understand the structural properties of the new electrolytes/nano-composite systems.

关键词：太阳能电池；固体电解质；计算机模拟；聚合

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This presentation summarizes NREL's technology validation of stationary fuel cell systems and presents data on number of deployments, system costs, and fuel types.

关键词：燃料电池；燃料；技术评估

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Currently, carbon is the preferred support material for platinum catalyst particles used in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). Carbon possesses qualities needed for a fuel cell catalyst: high surface area and conductivity, but is unacceptable as it is prone to oxidization by carbon dioxide in the fuel cell environment. Molybdenum Carbides is known to have the required conductivity. However, making Mo2C with sufficient surface area and with stabilized platinum remains a materials challenge. In this work a novel approach, a variation on the Aerosol-Through-Plasma (ATP) method was employed for making Mo2C with high surface area and stable supported platinum particles. An ammonium molybdate precursor was processed through different ATP conditions to generate the catalyst. These particles were then characterized using X-ray diffraction and SEM techniques in order to produce a support material with the highest concentration of Mo2C. Using the ideal conditions for the ATP, precursor was loaded with platinum and then processed through the ATP. This sample was then characterized using X-ray and SEM techniques to insure that the material was suitable prior to testing the electrochemical properties under PEFC operating conditions. The results were then compared to other leading support catalysis.

关键词：碳化物；燃料电池；钼；铵化合物；碳；二氧化碳

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The development of a room temperature (<50 C) fuel cell that would use a generally available fuel such as JP8 would be most valuable. However there are no known catalysts that can selectively activate the CC bonds of such fuels at such temperature. The goal of this project was to investigate whether it is plausible to develop such catalysts. To do this we used validated first-principles (quantum mechanics) based simulations to investigate the barriers for alkyl carbon-carbon cleavage for two prototypical systems: A metal alloy catalyst and an organometallic cluster catalyst. That might serve as an anode for electrochemical power generation. For the metal alloy catalyst we used a top-down approach where we determined the bond energies to the alloy catalyst to various fuel fragments necessary to achieve room temperature decomposition of butane and oxidation to CO2. For organometallic cluster catalyst we used a bottom-up strategy, determining specific metals, ligand compositions, solvents and operating conditions to evaluate which conditions could lead to reasonable rates at room temperature.

关键词：烷烃；碳碳复合材料；电力；低温

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The presentation, 'NREL Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technologies Program Overview,' was presented at the Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Energy Expo and Policy Forum, April 24, 2013, Washington, D.C.

关键词：燃料电池；氢能；能源系统

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This presentation describes the Distributed Generation Building Energy Assessment Tool (DG-BEAT) developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the University of California Irvine. DG-BEAT is designed to allow stakeholders to assess the economics of installing stationary fuel cell systems in a variety of building types in the United States.

关键词：建筑物；经济分析；燃料电池；建模

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Titanium dioxide has been used as the white pigment since the ancient times.95% of its current usage in industry involves paints, cosmetics, plastics, paper, and food. However, in near future the economic impact of titanium dioxide seems to be controlled by energy related applications mostly. Therefore, this chapter projects a brief outlook on the added value provided by the titanium dioxide structures in new and emerging technologies of the energy sector. The applications focused are: solar fuels, solar cells, fuel cells, Li ion batteries and solid state lighting. In those applications, TiO_2 standouts with its chemical and thermal stability, morphology variety, position of conduction and valance band energy levels, optical properties and cost.

关键词：燃料电池；太阳能电池；新型电池

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The United States Department of Energy (DOE) Fissile Materials Disposition Program (FMDP) is pursuing disposal of surplus weapons-usable plutonium by reactor irradiation as the fissile constituent of MOX fuel. Lead test assemblies (LTAs) have been irradiated for approximately 36 months in Duke Energy's Catawba-1 nuclear power plant (NPP). Per the mixed oxide (MOX) fuel topical report, approved by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), destructive post-irradiation examinations (PIEs) are to be performed on second cycle rods (irradiated to an average burnup of approximately 45 GWd/MTHM). The Radiochemical Analysis Group (RAG) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is currently performing the detailed destructive post-irradiation examinations (PIE) on four of the mixed uranium and plutonium oxide fuel rods. The analytical process involves dissolution of designated fuel segments in a shielded hot cell for high precision quantification of select fission products and actinide isotopes employing isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) among other analyses. The hot cell dissolution protocol to include the collection and subsequent alkaline fusion digestion of the fuels acid resistant metallic particulates will be presented. Although the IDMS measurements of the fission products and actinide isotopes will not be completed by the time of the 51st INMM meeting, the setup and testing of the HPLC chromatographic separations in preparation for these measurements will be discussed.

关键词：混合氧化物燃料；钚氧化物；铀；锕系元素原子核

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Ennoblement, a positive shift in corrosion potential, due to biofilm formation is the basis of patents for biofilm monitoring and power generating devices. Ennoblement is a global phenomenon that is routinely cited as a mechanism for microbiologically influenced corrosion of some passive alloys. Increased corrosion is attributed to acceleration of the oxygen reduction reaction via several potential mechanisms that have been debated for decades. Because the phenomenon is predictable and reproducible at specific locations, ennoblement is the basis for patented methods and devices for monitoring biofilm formation and relating ennobled potentials to increased likelihood of corrosion and for evaluating cleaning and biocide treatments. Furthermore, when anodes and cathodes can be separated, as in a microbial fuel cell, biofilm formation on the cathode increases the potential difference between the two and the resulting power output. Most patented fuel cells using metal cathodes do not refer specifically to ennoblement in the disclosures.

关键词：腐蚀；能源；指标；阴极；燃料电池

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The neutron radiography (NRAD) reactor is a 250 kW TRIGA (Training, Research, Isotopes, General Atomics) Mark IIa,b tank-type research reactor located in the basement, below the main hot cell, of the Hot Fuel Examination Facility (HFEF) at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). It is equipped with two beam tubes with separate radiography stations for the performance of neutron radiography irradiation on small test components.c The NRAD reactor is currently under the direction of the Battelle Energy Alliance (BEA) and is operated and maintained by the INL and Hot Cell Services Division. It is primarily used for neutron radiography analysis of both irradiated and unirradiated fuels and materials. Typical applications for examining the internal features of fuel elements and assemblies include fuel pellet separations, fuel central-void formation, pellet cracking, evidence of fuel melting, and material integrity under normal and extreme conditions. Examination of the behavior of large test loops and assemblies can also be performed. Due to the intense gamma activity of most irradiated specimens, the HFEF uses an indirect radiography, where a beam of neutrons passes through a specimen, strikes a gamma-insensitive metal foil (typically indium or dysprosium, for epithermal or thermal neutron spectra, respectively), and activates the foil. The foil can then be placed against a sheet of x-ray photographic film. X-rays from the metal foil then render an image on the film, which is then developed. While this method takes longer than the conventional direct method, the results eliminate gamma interference and are more detailed. Neutron tomography capabilities are being developed, where radiographs are obtained from different rotational angles and digitized to reconstruct cross-sections of a specimen. Direct radiography, such as Polaroid or track-etch radiography, and in-tank irradiations and/or experiments with small in-core samples can also be performed in the NRAD reactor.

关键词：核能反应；燃料电池；氢化物燃料

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