原油价格影响因素较多。一般而言，除了其商品属性，还有金融属性等。列述各影响因素没有意义，因为再不同的时间段，主导因素很可能大不同，且扰动因素较多，因此市场普遍认为较难研究。

市场一些观点认为，万华化学已经成为MDI行业的龙头，市占率在1/4左右，未来在聚氨酯板块的增长有限。我们认为，万华化学在聚氨酯领域仍有巨大空间，未来仍将保持快速增长。

2020 年年初至今（截至2020 年6 月24 日，下同），沪深300 指数上涨1.04%，化工行业上涨2.36%，跑赢沪深300 指数1.32 个百分点，在A 股28 个行业中涨跌幅位列第15 名。目前化工行业市盈率为23.10倍，显著低于近5 年均值（30.63 倍），相对沪深300 市盈率（12.38 倍）溢价率为86.59%，行业估值水平不断抬升，整体估值修复阶段有望持续，子板块整体估值水平趋于平稳。化工行业2020 年第一季度营业收入同比下降18.6%，归母净利润同比下降107.14%，排名靠后，行业业绩一方面受疫情拖累，另一方面受原油价格崩盘影响较大。

The packaging in the cosmetic industry has gone leaps and bounds in recent years. The cosmetic industry has the most varied packaging requirements of all the other sectors. The materials used vary from different metals from glass, paper, and Plastics, and these materials are used to make containers with different shapes and sizes and dispensing mechanism.  Plastic in the form of primary containers, secondary flexible pouches, caps and closure, and the nozzle is one of the major packaging materials used by the cosmetic industry. The plastic tube is one of the major containers in the cosmetic industry as it is able to store liquid-solid and semisolid materials and able dispense products in the controlled proportions. Also, the, when compared to other containers tubes, are able to provide better contamination protection.  In order to cater to the increasing demand for tubes, various suppliers have come up with innovative offerings in the market. Most recently, Sally Hansen, a major cosmetics manufacturer in the global market, developed a squeezable tube paired with an applicator tip with the help of Topline.

The market dynamics section discusses on the various factors which have the potential to alter the dynamics of a market. Market drivers push the market forward allowing the market to grow in due course of time. The factors which act like constraints to the growth and development of the market are called market restraints. They affect the production activities associated with the market, negatively. Apart from the drivers as well as restraint, various opportunities provide a window for the growth of the construction sealants market. These opportunities open gates for the new market entrants to set their foothold ultimately strengthening the market ecosystem. The market is subject to certain challenges, which may arise either on the technical side or owing to numerous regulations imposed by the government bodies. Although these challenges hinder the market growth these can be overcome by certain efforts made in the direction to push the market forward. The present section provides an in-depth understanding of the various drivers, restraints / constraints, opportunities and associated challenges with the global construction sealants market.

Aniline consumption to produce methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) accounts for almost 90% of the total aniline demand. Reaction of aniline and formaldehyde using hydrochloric acid as a catalyst is the first step to the production of MDI. This produces a mixture of diamine precursors, as well as their corresponding polyamines. These diamines are then treated with phosgene to form a mixture of isocyanates, the isomer ratio being determined by the isomeric composition of the diamine. Distillation of the mixture gives a mixture of oligomeric polyisocyanates, known as polymeric MDI, and a mixture of MDI isomers, which has a low 2,4’ isomer content. Further purification entails fractionation of the MDI isomer mixture. Polyurethanes are produced by combining MDI with polyols and other chemical additives. Because MDI and a wide range of polyols can be used to produce polyurethane and the speed of the reaction can be adjusted, a broad spectrum of materials, such as PU resin-based coatings and adhesives and sealants, can be produced to meet specific application needs.

Until recently, brominated chemicals had a major share in the European flame-retardant chemicals market. But environmental and health concerns are restraining the growth of demand for brominated and chlorinated flame retardants, paving way for the development of the non-halogenated flame-retardant chemicals market. Brominated and chlorinated flame retardants that are commonly used are semi-volatile chemical compounds and are not chemically bound to the product; rather, they are sprayed afterwards. Once sprayed, they do not disintegrate and settle in the dust present in the atmosphere. Furthermore, they have been observed in sources quite far fromhuman habitat, such as in whale tissues and other marine mammals. The toxicity of the brominated compound class is in the range of 2.5-200 mg/L (LD50), while that of the chlorinated compound class is in the range of 2.25-203 mg/L (LD50). LD50 is a type of measurement that indicates a value of LD50 for a substance in the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration. Brominated flame retardants have the potential to adversely affect endocrine functions and the central nervous and reproductive systems, while the halogenated flame retardants been found to inhibit enzymes involved in steroid hormone metabolism.

The use of salicylic acid, a multifunctional ingredient that addresses many of the systemic causes of blemishes, is on the rise in the prevention of acne and related cosmetics. Salicylic acid’s usage is on the rise, with the researchers pointing out its development as an alternative to glycolic acid, marking it as a key growth factor. Cosmetics with acne-fighting proper ties are currently witnessing a boost because of the rise in adults suffering from acne. The Journal of American Academy of Dermatology notes that 54% of women over 25 have at least some facial acne. As a result, beauty brands are incorporating acnefighting proper ties into color cosmetic ranges, and acne-fighting foundations are offered by brands, like Clinque, Almay, Neutrogena, and Lancome. Salicylic acid has been found to exfoliate, degrease the skin, reduce inflammation, and improve the appearance of pores, and it is increasingly being used as a staple ingredient in acne-related skincare products. This variety of application is seeing fur ther expansion, despite the belief that sufferers of recurring acne should avoid salicylic acid peels, due to the chemical reacting badly with the skin.

Carbon prepregs are widely used in making high-strength composite structures. This can be used in varied products, ranging from an automotive component to the body of an aircraft. Among the various end-user industries, one of the attractive applications is manufacturing the components of a wind turbine. While the world has been harvesting energy from wind for several decades, the growing environmental concerns have driven the deployment of renewables, globally, in the last few years. The usage of wind power has become a noticeable contributor to the world’s energy mix. The exponential growth in the wind energy market is supported by depleting fossil fuel reserves, declining cost of wind power generation, growing sensitivity toward environmental issues, and support fromvarious governments around the world through financial incentives. The global wind power installations increased, from 14.86 GW in 2006 to 591 GW in 2018. The overall growth of the number of turbine installations during 2006-2018 was primarily driven by declining costs. This was due to the improved materials and design, and favorable government policies for wind power in major countries using wind energy, such as China, the United States, Denmark, Germany, the United Kingdom, and India.