Rodent baits containing systemic insecticides are potential tools to interrupt the cycle of transmission of Leishmania parasites by killing sand flies that take bloodmeals from rodents as adults. Bio-indicators that can be used in conjunction with rodent-targeted sand fly control methods also have been developed to demonstrate that the insecticide treatments are reaching the targeted life stages of sand flies and to quantify the effect of the insecticide treatments on sand fly populations. This article presents new results from a field study on the use of rodent bait containing a systemic insecticide in Kenya. The objective of this field study was to incorporate the fluorescent dye rhodamine B into rodent baits to determine the level of blood feeding by the sand fly Phlebotomus duboscqi on targeted rodents, and to demonstrate the effect of rodent bait containing the systemic insecticide ivermectin on blood-feeding adult females of P. duboscqi. Over 50% of the blood- fed females of P. duboscqi collected at sites that were treated with rodent baits containing rhodamine B alone were positive for the presence of rhodamine B while no blood-fed females of P. duboscqi collected at the sites treated with rodent baits containing rhodamine B plus ivermectin were positive for the presence of rhodamine B. The results of this field trial constitute proof of concept for the targeted control of an epidemiologically significant portion of the population of the sand fly vector of Leishmania major, and demonstrate the potential for the interruption of the transmission of L. major using applications of systemic insecticide-treated rodent baits.

关键词：双翅目；病媒；杀虫剂

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This report is a summary of our first year's work on the proposed research. During this period, our effort was focused on technological development for thermal ablation in mice. Our goal was to establish a small- animal MR-guided HIFU experimental system that enables simultaneous HIFU ablation and MR guidance. This goal was achieved and our experimental results demonstrated the basic function of the experimental system in in-vitro studies. We have laid the groundwork for the feasibility investigation of mouse tumor ablation in the second year. Based on the current progress, we will continue work on our technological improvement of MR-guided HIFU system for in-vivo studies. We believe this system will be ready for animal experiments after several further in-vitro studies in two or three months.

关键词：消融；肿瘤；动物；可行性研究

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Biosensing strategies and applications for recognition and monitoring of bacteria and viruses bring several advantages such as practical, time-saving, cost-effective, and real-time analysis in medicine, food, and environment fields. Moreover, more sensitive and selective detection can be achieved by using portable nanostructured chip and array systems due to the enhanced characteristic surface properties. Continued development in molecular biology, medicine, chemistry, and material science will lead to fabrication of microsen-sors that are capable of sensing of different bacteria and viruses named as contaminant factors.

关键词：生物传感；监测细菌；医药

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关键词：红斑狼疮抗体；关节炎；B淋巴细胞

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The rationale for using neurofeedback to affect changes in children on the autism spectrum is rooted in several assumptions. First, regions comprising the human mirror neuron system or MNS exhibit abnormal connections in ASD children. Second, the 8-13 Hx mu rhythm oscillations over sensormotor cortex are functionally linked to the MNS network. Third, modifying these oscillations dynamics via neurofeedback training induces neural plasticity. Finally, normalization of abnormal connectivity is reflected in positive behavioral, cognitive, and electrophysiological changes.

关键词：电生理学；神经系统；畸形

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The purpose of this research project is to develop new approaches that can impact early diagnosis of breast cancer, post-biopsy analysis, lymph node examinations, and drug delivery studies. The scope of this training involves optimizing Raman instrumentation and methods for efficient illumination and collection of Raman scattered light originating from deep within breast tissue. Experiments encompass designing tissue phantoms using Intralipid , dyes/pigments, inclusions, and agarose gel to quantitatively characterize the instruments' capabilities and performance. Additionally, we conduct spectroscopy on tissue biopsies to correlate spectral bands with healthy and diseased breast tissue. Observed spectral changes are compared to infrared images and H&E/HIS-stained images to relate observed biochemical changes to histology. The Raman data will be used to generate and train classification algorithms for automated histopathology as a starting point for in vivo work at the culmination of this training program. This report outlines progress for year 1 of the 3 year training program. In the approved statement of work 5 tasks were stated. All 5 tasks were successfully completed. We now have a working relationship with local clinicians. We have built-up a comprehensive database consisting of micrographs and IR spectral images for identify breast tissue histology and tissue chemistry. We have acquired Raman measurements on biopsied tissue. We have identified Raman spectral bands that can be used for distinguishing between different tissue types and have applied those Raman spectral bands to achieve cell-level contrast in Raman spectral images. Additionally, we have used clinical observations and interaction with clinicians to develop a conceptual design for a Raman Tomography instrument aimed at breast cancer screening. Finally for Raman tomographic reconstruction, we have evaluated existing diffuse optical tomography algorithms specifically for Raman measurements and have adapted a Monte Carlo framework for our Raman tomographic reconstruction. Through modeling and experimentation, we characterized different instrument configurations and have implemented the transmission fan style configuration into our prototype instrument design which uses fiber-optics in-contact with tissue to give the maximum collection efficiency.

关键词：乳腺癌；体内分析；病理学

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Our main goal in this proposal was to investigate the capacity for quantitative in vivo MRI biomarkers to represent underlying molecular signatures of DCIS, using the preclinical genetically engineered mouse (GEM) model framework to our hypotheses. We focused three key molecular pathways Rb, p53, BRAC1 and whether MRI signatures can identify these molecular subtypes of disease. This report describes our experience in the first six months executing the SOW. We soon discovered limitations in our original GEM modeling strategy suggesting that our proposed studies could not be effectively performed. We therefore designed an alternative GEM modeling strategy that successfully addressed these limitations. We also developed novel MRI techniques to detect, characterize and follow progression of the preinvasive malignancies in the mouse mammary gland at high spatial resolution, and high frequency (rapidly imaging every few days).

关键词：癌症；遗传性疾病；临床医学

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The TMPRSS2/ERG fusion gene is found in about 55 % of prostate cancer (PCa) patients. It is absolutely specific for PCa cells, since the fusion transcript is only present in these cells. There is heterogeneity in the structure of the 5 end of the mRNA transcripts of the fusion gene. Some prostate cancers express a single mRNA type, while others express multiple isoforms of the fusion gene that arise via alternative splicing of the initial fusion transcript. We seek to target the four most common and biologically active alternatively spliced fusion gene transcript isoforms using SiRNAs to obtain maximal biological activity in cancers expressing a specific isoform or a combination of isoforms. We propose to use of systemically administered nanolipsomal siRNAs specifically targeting the TMPRSS2/ERG mRNA fusion junctions in orthotopic prostate cancer model in mice. Because this fusion gene is highly specific to PCa we do not expect off-target effects in normal tissues or minimal toxicity. Our results support the efficacy of this approach in in vivo PCa models.

关键词：基因；脂质体；前列腺癌

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In mammals and other higher eukaryotes, SRA-RING proteins are essential for global maintenance of DNA methylation. This research project focuses on the discovery of new ubiquitination targets for the Arabidopsis SRA- RING protein VIM1 and the human SRA-RING protein UHRF1. Additionally, it will closely examine the methylcytosine-binding specificity of UHRF1, with a specific focus on non-CpG contexts. The proposed work is ongoing, and so far the major accomplishments include creation of relevant plant lines, development of in vitro assays, and profiling of mRNA expression in null mutants.

关键词：乳腺癌；肿瘤；含量测定；染色质

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Retrieving and inspecting traces that log medical processes execution can be a significant help in exception management, and is the first step towards a thorough analysis of the service provided by an health care organization. In this work, we report on extensive retrieval experiments, conducted on a database of 2000 real patient traces, collected at different stroke management units in the Lombardia region, Italy. In our approach, retrieval exploits a K-Nearest Neighbor technique, and relies on a distance definition able to explicitly take into account temporal information in traces-since in emergency medicine the role of time is central. Retrieval is also made faster by the application of non-exhaustive search procedures, that are described in the paper.

关键词：检索；检查痕迹；医疗过程

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