The main thrust of this project was to devise a method by which the majority of North Slope of Alaska (NSA) meteorological and radiometric data, collected on a daily basis, could be used to evaluate and improve global climate model (GCM) simulations and their parameterizations, particularly for cloud microphysics. Although the standard ARM Program sensors for a less complete suite of instruments for cloud and aerosol studies than the instruments on an intensive field program such as the 2008 Indirect and Semi-Direct Aerosol Campaign (ISDAC), the advantage they offer lies in the long time base and large volume of data that covers a wide range of meteorological and climatological conditions. The challenge has been devising a method to interpret the NSA data in a practical way, so that a wide variety of meteorological conditions in all seasons can be examined with climate models. If successful, climate modelers would have a robust alternative to the usual case study approach (i.e., from intensive field programs only) for testing and evaluating their parameterizations performance.

关键词：大气；气候变化；空气污染

查看摘要 索取原文[16页]

Access Control is among the most important security mechanisms to put in place in order to secure applications, and XACML is the de facto standard for defining access control policies. Due to the complexity of XACML language it is important to perform efficient testing to identify potential security flaws and bugs. However, in practice, exhaustive testing is impossible due to budget constraints. Test cases selection and prioritization are two well-known solutions to maximize the effectiveness of the test suite in terms of discovered faults, reducing as much as possible the required effort for tests execution and results analysis. In this chapter, after providing a survey on validation approaches for XACML based access control systems, we present a coverage based selection strategy and a similarity based test prioritization solution, both applied to XACML test cases. Then we compare the effectiveness of the two approaches in terms of mutation score and number of test cases. Experimental results show that coverage based selection outperforms similarity based prioritization, hinting to future improvements of the proposed approaches.

关键词：测试；访问控制；XACML语言

查看摘要 索取原文[24页]

The TIG arc welding is the high-quality joining technology. However, the weld pool is shallow in the TIG welding because the heat transfer to anode is poor. So, the weld defect sometimes occurs. The pulsed arc welding and mixing oxygen are used in order to control the heat transfer and prevent the weld defect. However, few reports has reported the variation of heat transfer to anode and the physical arc phenomena. In this paper, the time variation of heat transfer to anode in pulsed arc welding mixed with oxygen was elucidated in order to know the welding depth for prevention of welding defect. The thermal conductivity of heat transfer in the case of pulsed arc is not same as that in the case of stable arc. The thermal conductivity of heat transfer gradually decreases with increasing the time. The thermal conductivity of heat transfer can not catch up with the current waveform. When the arc is the transient mode, the arc radius and temperature distribution can not catch up with the stable arc ones. However, the heat transfer from center to r=3.00 mm can catch up current waveform. Thus, the thermal conduction of heat transfer varies over r=3.00 mm. The variation of it with Ar-O_2 is larger than that with pure Ar. Because the specific heat increases, the arc temperature at center becomes high.

关键词：电弧焊；脉冲电弧；传播热量；电磁热流体仿真

查看摘要 索取原文[4页]

This report is a collection of reliability and maintenance data on several types of radiation protection instrumentation. Some radiation detectors are used for personnel safety; others are used for environmental stewardship. Six types of instruments are addressed in this report. These are: continuous air monitors, tritium room air monitors, facility vent stack monitors, tritium bubbler monitors, tritium in effluent water monitors, and general purpose radiation survey meters. Literature searches, operating experience data, and occurrence reports were used to identify failure modes and to estimate quantitative failure rates for several general types of radiation protection instruments. Likewise, data on instrument repair has been found when possible and used to estimate the mean time to repair. These data can be useful for facility safety assessment, personnel safety assessment, environment assessment, and for equipment and labor planning purposes.

关键词：大气；大气污染；空气健康

查看摘要 索取原文[50页]

This chapter introduces a digital image processing algorithm to detect the obstacle in the path and according to the position of the obstacle, the speed of Autonomous Robotic Vehicle is controlled through PID based Speed control module. The camera mounted on Autonomous Robotic Vehicle captures image in such a way that the obstacle in image and actual vehicle position keep some distance to avoid collision. Based on the computed obstacle size, the vehicle actions are controlled. The streaming of the images of the path is done and each image is analysed through MATLAB Simulink based Video Processing Module. The control actions are taken based on the PID constants computed through MATLAB Simulink modules.

关键词：自主机器人车辆（ARV）；数字图像处理；速度控制

查看摘要 索取原文[23页]

In this study, we have conducted modeling of the energy demands and supply systems of an actual small-scale housing complex and evaluated the effect of CGS installation from the standpoint of environmental and the economic aspects. Then, we have developed a new CGS operational algorithm that controlled the CGS generator by following the temperature of the heat storage medium in the storage tank and we have demonstrated the advantageous effects of this method. In addition, we have discussed the appropriate heat storage tank capacity for the proposed method.

关键词：能源管理系统；热电联产系统；设施规划

查看摘要 索取原文[6页]

When an industrial induction motor is started directly, the stator current is generally 5-7 times greater than the rated one, which makes the voltage sag of the transmission lines increase rapidly, furthermore, affecting the power quality seriously. However, applying variable reactance type motor soft starter to start motors, the starting current of the motor can be reduced effectively. The mathematical model of the soft starter which is based on variable reactance is established, and the relationship between the thyristor conduction angle and the motor current is analyzed. The purpose of the motor and equipment's protection is achieved by selecting the appropriate conduction angle to control the starting current amplitude.

关键词：变电抗器；软起动器；晶闸管；感应角度

查看摘要 索取原文[17页]

Model- and component-based design have yielded dramatic increase in design productivity in several narrowly focused homogeneous domains, such as signal processing, control and aspects of electronic design. However, significant impact on the design and manufacturing of complex cyber-physical systems (CPS) such as vehicles has not yet been achieved. This paper describes challenges of and solution approaches to building a comprehensive design tool suite for complex CPS. The primary driver for the OpenMETA tool chain was to push the boundaries of the "correct-by-construction" principle to decrease significantly the costly design-build-test-redesign cycles in design flows. In the discussions we will focus on the impact of heterogeneity in modeling CPS. This challenge is compounded by the need for rapidly evolving the design flow by changing/updating the selection of modeling languages, analysis and verification tools and synthesis methods. Based on our experience with the development of OpenMETA and with the evaluation of its performance in a complex CPS design challenge we argue that the current vertically integrated, discipline-specific tool chains for CPS design need to be complemented with horizontal integration layers that support model integration, tool integration and design process integration. This paper will examine the OpenMETA technical approach to construct the new integration layers, provides and overview of the technical framework we established for their implementation and summarize our experience with their application.

关键词：网络物理系统;设计自动化；模型集成的计算；特定领域的建模语言；模型集成语言

查看摘要 索取原文[14页]

The HHE Program evaluated concerns about employees' exposures to pharmaceutical dust at an outpatient pharmacy. Investigators sampled the air for dust and measured particle levels. Samples were analyzed for lactose (a common inactive filler) and active pharmaceutical ingredients; both were found. The use of compressed air to clean automatic dispensing machine canisters released dust into the air. Investigators found that after this activity more than an hour passed before the small particles were no longer in the air. Most of these canisters contained uncoated pharmaceutical tables. On two days, one employee was exposed to lisinopril at levels near or above the manufacturer's exposure limit. HHE Program investigators recommended that the employer develop a list of dusty pharmaceuticals and gather exposure guidelines and toxicity data to determine how to handle these substances. A partially-enclosed local exhaust hood should be installed for cleaning and filling canisters with tablets, as well as other tasks that could release pharmaceutical dust into the air. Investigators recommended that the use of compressed air to clean canisters be discontinued and replaced with the use of a vacuum with a long narrow nozzle. Lactose was found on surfaces throughout the pharmacy. The highest contamination level was on a surface used in refilling canisters before it was cleaned. Higher amounts of lactose were found on work surfaces than on undisturbed areas such as elevated shelving. Investigators recommended that all work surfaces be cleaned with alcohol wipes before breaks and at the end of each workday. Investigators noted that employees did not wear protective clothing or safety glasses in the pharmacy, but some employees did wear nitrile gloves when handling pharmaceuticals. HHE Program investigators encouraged employees to (1) wear nitrile gloves when handling pharmaceuticals, (2) wash their hands before eating, drinking, or using tobacco products, and (3) follow procedures for using and maintaining the local exhaust hood.

关键词：大气；空气污染；空气健康

查看摘要 索取原文[38页]

High-performance homes require that ventilation energy demands and indoor air quality (IAQ) be simultaneously optimized. Researchers have primarily addressed these two areas independently because of the assumption that their goals have to be mutually exclusive. This assumption is based on the fact that the typical mechanism to reduce the concentration of indoor air pollutants has been dilution through increased ventilation, which causes heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) units to consume more energy. High-performance homes aim to provide the essential energy end-uses (for example, water heating, refrigeration, space heating, and air conditioning) in an energy efficient manner. Given that IAQ is among these essential energy end-uses, we investigated means to optimize the concentration of indoor air pollutants and ventilation energy demands. To this end, we conducted tests in four houses located in Oak Ridge, TN, that were 11 to 20 months old, energy efficient (i.e., expected to consume 50% less energy than a house built per the 2006 International Residential Code), airtight (i.e., natural ventilation rate approximately 0.02 to 0.2 h -1 ), unoccupied, and unfurnished. Our evaluation consisted of identifying air pollutants of concern in these homes that could generally serve as indicators of IAQ, and conducting field experiments and computer simulations to determine the effectiveness and energy required by various techniques that lessened the concentration of these contaminants.

关键词：大气；室内空气监控；空气健康

查看摘要 索取原文[55页]