In the five years of this MURI program, we have made major advances in several areas, including: (1) power production optimization; (2) MFC design; (3) identification of the genes coding for the proteins involved with electricity production by Shewanella oneidensis (MR-1); (4) construction of conceptual models of extracellular electron transport (EET); (5) characterization and quantification of the per cell rates of EET to solid substrates; (6) characterization of a previously undescribed behavioral adaptation of microbes to charged surfaces called electrokinesis (and the impact of surface charge on bacterial attachment and biofilm formation); (7) the use of Vertical Scanning Interferometry for cell and biofilm analyses; (8) the design and implementation of a new type of (Deep Ultraviolet Light) microscope for non-invasive studies of microbes on surfaces; (9) detailed biophysical studies of the mechanism of electron transfer in conductive appendages called bacterial nanowires, produced by MR-1 and other Shewanella strains and species; (10) characterization of the selective advantages of Shewanella cells in late stationary phase, and the relationship of this metabolic state to the long term function of MFC systems; and, (11) characterization of the activities of microbes acting as catalysts on the cathodes of MFC systems. During this time, we published over *** reviewed papers, presented over 100 talks at scientific meetings, and collaborated with colleagues from around the world.

关键词：电力；微生物；纳米线；生物物理学；电子传递

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It is demonstrated that collective spin waves (SWs) propagating in complex periodic arrays of dipolarly coupled magnetic nanopillars existing in a saturated (single-domain) ground state in a zero bias magnetic field could be nonreciprocal. To guarantee the SW nonreciprocity two conditions should be fulfilled: (i) existence of a nonzero out-of-plane component of the pillars' static magnetization and (ii) a complex periodicity of array's ground state with at least two elements per a primitive cell, if the elements are different, and at least three elements per a primitive cell, if the elements are identical. The obtained results show that coupled arrays of magnetic nanopillars with out-of-plane shape or/and crystallographic anisotropy could be used for the development of miniature unbiased microwave isolators and circulators.

关键词：自旋波;阵列；;磁性材料；微波设备

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The interface between surface-modified semiconducting nanoparticles and polymers often contributes to the limited efficiency of hybrid photovoltaic cells and luminescent devices. We prepared, characterized and investigated (1) the nanocomposite formed between quantum dot (3 nm) cadmium sulfide capped with 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS) and a copolymer of poly(phenylene ethynylene); (2) nanocomposites of silver nanowires with fluorescent poly(phenyleneethynylene); and (3) fulleropyrrolidine derivatives substituted with oligophenyleneethynylene-ferrocene conjugates. Publication of the results for (1) and (3) are under construction; those for (2) may be found in Nanocomposites of Silver Nanowires with a Fluorescent Poly (phenyleneethynylene): Morphological Implications for Photovoltaic Devices. Reyes Flores, Eduardo Arias, Ivana Moggio, Arturo Ponce, Carlos Gallardo-Vega, Fernando Galembeck, Rubia F. Gouveia, and Ronald F. Ziolo, Journal of Advanced Microscopy Research, 2012, 7, 158-169.

关键词：充电设备；太阳能混合电池；光伏材料

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NREL and Solar Power Industries will cooperate to evaluate technology for producing solar grade silicon from industrial waste of the phosphorus industry, as developed by the Institute of Physics and Technology (IPT), Kazakhstan. Evaluation will have a technical component to assess the material quality and a business component to assess the economics of the IPT process. The total amount of silicon produced by IPT is expected to be quite limited (50 kg), so evaluations will need to be done on relatively small quantities (5 kg/sample). Department of Energy (DOE) laboratories, including NREL, have been placing subcontracts for research and development services with scientific institutes in the Newly Independent States (NIS) under various DOE programs for many years.

关键词：硅太阳能电池；实验室；太阳能

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Titanium dioxide has been used as the white pigment since the ancient times.95% of its current usage in industry involves paints, cosmetics, plastics, paper, and food. However, in near future the economic impact of titanium dioxide seems to be controlled by energy related applications mostly. Therefore, this chapter projects a brief outlook on the added value provided by the titanium dioxide structures in new and emerging technologies of the energy sector. The applications focused are: solar fuels, solar cells, fuel cells, Li ion batteries and solid state lighting. In those applications, TiO_2 standouts with its chemical and thermal stability, morphology variety, position of conduction and valance band energy levels, optical properties and cost.

关键词：燃料电池；太阳能电池；新型电池

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The estimation of temperature inside battery cells requires accurate information about the cooling conditions even when the temperature of the battery surface is measured.

关键词：锂电池；热性能；卡尔曼滤波；数学模型

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A recent National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) effort to create a compact alternative to porous hose windscreens for infrasound applications resulted in the creation of spherical, closed-cell polyurethane foam windshields.

关键词：次声；麦克风；挡风玻璃；陆军研究；密度发泡塑料

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The goal of this Task Order was to assess the proposed test conditions used for evaluating life cycle durability of high-pressure hydrogen fuel containers. The key test conditions evaluated were representative high and low cycling temperatures, static hold time at high pressure, and the number of pneumatic hydrogen cycles required to reveal poor durability performance of high-pressure hydrogen fuel containers. The results of this Task Order provide data for NHTSAs assessment and consideration as it evaluates the safety performance of compressed hydrogen fuel systems and the need for enhancement of appropriate FMVSS. In addition, the results of this Task Order provide data to assist in resolving several open issues and concerns in the pneumatic test sequence of the 2009 edition of the Expected-Service Performance Verification Test procedure in the SAE Technical Information Report (TIR) 2579 for Fuel Systems in Fuel Cell and Other Hydrogen Vehicles.

关键词：容器；耐久性；电池；燃料系统；氢气

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This presentation describes the Distributed Generation Building Energy Assessment Tool (DG-BEAT) developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the University of California Irvine. DG-BEAT is designed to allow stakeholders to assess the economics of installing stationary fuel cell systems in a variety of building types in the United States.

关键词：建筑物；经济分析；燃料电池；建模

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Increased demands for cleaner burning energy, coupled with the relatively recent technological advances in accessing unconventional hydrocarbon-rich geologic formations, have led to an intense effort to find and extract natural gas from various underground sources around the country. One of these sources, the Marcellus Shale, located in the Allegheny Plateau, is currently undergoing extensive drilling and production. The technology used to extract gas in the Marcellus Shale is known as hydraulic fracturing and has garnered much attention because of its use of large amounts of fresh water, its use of proprietary fluids for the hydraulic-fracturing process, its potential to release contaminants into the environment, and its potential effect on water resources. Nonetheless, development of natural gas extraction wells in the Marcellus Shale is only part of the overall natural gas story in this area of Pennsylvania. Conventional natural gas wells, which sometimes use the same technique, are commonly located in the same general area as the Marcellus Shale and are frequently developed in clusters across the landscape. The combined effects of these two natural gas extraction methods create potentially serious patterns of disturbance on the landscape. This document quantifies the landscape changes and consequences of natural gas extraction for Somerset County and Westmoreland County in Pennsylvania between 2004 and 2010. Patterns of landscape disturbance related to natural gas extraction activities were collected and digitized using National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery for 2004, 2005/2006, 2008, and 2010. The disturbance patterns were then used to measure changes in land cover and land use using the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) of 2001. A series of landscape metrics is also used to quantify these changes and is included in this publication.

关键词：天然气；景观；提取物；干扰；;破碎；方法论

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