We deployed a 855 cm2 thin-film, single-junction gallium arsenide (GaAs) photovoltaic (PV) module outdoors. Due to its fundamentally different cell technology compared to silicon (Si), the module responds differently to outdoor conditions.

关键词：光伏电池；镓砷化物；薄膜；砷化镓太阳能电池

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Water quality monitoring is critically important in efforts to both limit human exposure to toxic chemicals and to protect ecosystems. This study integrates artificial neural network (ANN) processing with MFC-based biosensing in the detection of three organic pollutants that have relevance to DoD operations: aldicarb, dimethyl-methylphosphonate (DMMP), and bisphenol-A (BPA). Overall, the use of the ANN proved to be more reliable than direct correlations with raw data in the prediction of both chemical concentration and type. The ANN made no errors in the identification and quantification of all chemicals in three concentration ranges. Additionally, chemical mixtures and chemicals dissolved in the standard feed medium were accurately identified by the ANN. Finally, the newly-tested metrics of 10-hour Subsidence Rate (10SR) and First Moment (FrM) proved to be useful in ANN development. This study is the first to incorporate ANN modeling with MFC-based biosensing for the detection and quantification of organic pollutants that are not readily biodegradable. It is also the first to evaluate the utility of 10-hr SR and FM as metrics. Furthermore, this work provides insight into MFC-based biosensing as it pertains to limits of detection and its applicability to scenarios where mixtures of pollutants and unique solvents are involved.

关键词：燃料电池；化学反应；环境检测

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Seven major instruments were purchased: (1) A DXR Smart Raman spectrometer, (2) A Bruker Tensor 27 FT Infrared Spectrometer, (3) An Alpha-Step D-120 Profilometer from KLA Tencor Corp., (4) A Rame-Hart model 250 Goniometer/Tensiometer, (5) an Agilent Diffuse Reflectance Accessory, (6) a Jelight Co. UVO cleaner, and (7) a Laurell Technologies Spin Coater. These instruments were used to characterize a variety of photoswitchable Donor-Acceptor (DA) dyads that were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as Interfacial Layers (ILs) in Organic Photovoltaic (OPV) devices and in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs). Proof of the original proposal concept, photoswitched ILs, was unambiguously established.

关键词：有机光伏电池；数字转换；太阳能电池

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Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is important in fuel cells. Although platinum nanoparticles can catalyse the ORR in an efficient way, the high cost of the platinum catalysts, together with its limited reserves in nature, has been shown to be the major 'showstopper' to mass market fuel cells for commercial applications. Following our earlier work on metal-free, nitrogen- doped carbon nanotubes (Gong, K.; Du, F.; Xia, Z.; Durstock, M.; Dai, L. Science 2009, 323, 760) and nitrogen-doped graphene sheets (Qu, L.; Liu, Y.; Baek, J.-B.; Dai, L. ACS Nano 2010, 4, 1321) as highly efficient ORR, we have developed in this project new metal-free and oxygen-free graphene materials by either edge-functionalization or ball milling as efficient electrocatalysts for ORR in fuel cells and other applications, including dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).

关键词：催化剂；燃料电池；石墨烯；纳米科学与技术

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The ionization signals in the liquid argon of the ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter are studied in detail using cosmic muons. In particular, the drift time of the ionization electrons is measured and used to assess the intrinsic uniformity of the calorimeter gaps and estimate its impact on the constant term of the energy resolution. The drift times of electrons in the cells of the second layer of the calorimeter are uniform at the level of 1.3% in the barrel and 2.8% in the endcaps.

关键词：氩;宇宙介子；热量计；;电磁场；;电子

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Evaluate Si layers based on heteroepitaxial Si growth on RABITS textured metal substrates coated with textured buffer layers..

关键词：硅太阳能电池区；异质外延；图层；金属

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Energy availability and long term operation are key challenges for wireless sensor networks and for all the applications where the devices are battery operated. For this reason energy harvesting is becoming very important for powering ubiquitously deployed sensor networks and mobile electronics. One of most important goal for the next generation of power supply units for standalone embedded systems is to power nearly perpetually the devices when the scavenger is exposed to reasonable environmental energy conditions. However, due to the unpredictable nature of the environmental sources, prolonged lacks of energy intake usually happen. The last frontiers of perpetual operating systems is combining different energy harvesters in a single unit and using green energy supply with high energy density as micro hydrogen fuel cells. In this paper we introduce a Smart Power Unit (SPU) for embedded system which incorporates energy harvesters from sun and wind and uses hydrogen fuel cell as alternative energy storage. The power unit can work as a long-term battery or providing serial communication to exchange power information and to perform power management. In fact the core of the SPU is an ultra low power micro controller which is in charge to do the power activities such as Maximum Power Point Tracking for the harvesters, fuel cell activation, energy prediction, adaptive power management on board, battery monitoring and communications with powered systems. Experimental results and simulations shows the high efficiency (up to 90 %) of the power conversion subsystem. Finally a real deployment in a structural health monitoring site in Switzerland shows as the energy neutral condition is achieved on field.

关键词：氢电池；电动收割机；户外应用

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The neutron radiography (NRAD) reactor is a 250 kW TRIGA (Training, Research, Isotopes, General Atomics) Mark IIa,b tank-type research reactor located in the basement, below the main hot cell, of the Hot Fuel Examination Facility (HFEF) at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). It is equipped with two beam tubes with separate radiography stations for the performance of neutron radiography irradiation on small test components.c The NRAD reactor is currently under the direction of the Battelle Energy Alliance (BEA) and is operated and maintained by the INL and Hot Cell Services Division. It is primarily used for neutron radiography analysis of both irradiated and unirradiated fuels and materials. Typical applications for examining the internal features of fuel elements and assemblies include fuel pellet separations, fuel central-void formation, pellet cracking, evidence of fuel melting, and material integrity under normal and extreme conditions. Examination of the behavior of large test loops and assemblies can also be performed. Due to the intense gamma activity of most irradiated specimens, the HFEF uses an indirect radiography, where a beam of neutrons passes through a specimen, strikes a gamma-insensitive metal foil (typically indium or dysprosium, for epithermal or thermal neutron spectra, respectively), and activates the foil. The foil can then be placed against a sheet of x-ray photographic film. X-rays from the metal foil then render an image on the film, which is then developed. While this method takes longer than the conventional direct method, the results eliminate gamma interference and are more detailed. Neutron tomography capabilities are being developed, where radiographs are obtained from different rotational angles and digitized to reconstruct cross-sections of a specimen. Direct radiography, such as Polaroid or track-etch radiography, and in-tank irradiations and/or experiments with small in-core samples can also be performed in the NRAD reactor.

关键词：核能反应；燃料电池；氢化物燃料

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This webinar presentation to the UK Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Association summarizes how the U.S. Department of Energy is enabling early fuel cell markets; describes objectives of the National Fuel Cell Technology Evaluation Center; and presents performance status of fuel cell material handling equipment.

关键词：燃料电池；市场；原料处理；绩效评估

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While examining fuel-reforming technology for fuel cells onboard aircraft, Glenn Research Center partnered with Garrettsville, Ohio-based Catacel Corporation through the Glenn Alliance Technology Exchange program and a Space Act Agreement. Catacel developed a stackable structural reactor that is now employed for commercial hydrogen production and results in energy savings of about 20 percent.

关键词：燃料电池；能量流失；能源节省

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