The present study examines the fate of glycolic acid and other organics added in the Chemical Processing Cell (CPC) of the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) as part of the glycolic alternate flowsheet. Adoption of this flowsheet is expected to provide certain benefits in terms of a reduction in the processing time, a decrease in hydrogen generation, simplification of chemical storage and handling issues, and an improvement in the processing characteristics of the waste stream including an increase in the amount of nitrate allowed in the CPC process. Understanding the fate of organics in this flowsheet is imperative because tank farm waste processed in the CPC is eventually immobilized by vitrification; thus, the type and amount of organics present in the melter feed may affect optimal melt processing and the quality of the final glass product as well as alter flammability calculations on the DWPF melter off gas. To evaluate the fate of the organic compounds added as the part of the glycolic flowsheet, mainly glycolic acid and antifoam 747, samples of simulated waste that was processed using the DWPF CPC protocol for tank farm sludge feed were generated and analyzed for organic compounds using a variety of analytical techniques at the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL). These techniques included Ion Chromatography (IC), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy.

关键词：放射性废物处理；葡萄糖酸；氢；熔点；硝酸盐

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We report the vapor-phase IR absorptivity coefficient of the vesicant chemical agent, HN1. The data are provided at a spectral resolution of 0.25 cm 1 (data spacing of 0.125 cm 1). We describe the methods used to generate the spectra, process the raw data, and provide a comparison to ellipsometry measurements of the linear absorptivity coefficient of the compound.

关键词：红外辐射；芥末剂；气相；吸收系数

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Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) offer the potential to reduce both oil imports and greenhouse gas emissions, but high upfront costs, battery-limited vehicle range, and concern over high battery replacement costs may discourage potential buyers. A both oil imports and greenhouse gas emissions, but high upfront costs, battery-limited vehicle range, and concern over high battery replacement costs may discourage potential buyers. A subscription model in which a service provider owns the battery and supplies access to battery swapping infrastructure could reduce upfront and battery replacement costs with a predictable monthly fee, while expanding BEV range.

关键词：电池；电动汽车；经济分析

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he U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) SunShot Vision Study (DOE 2012) explored the impact of reducing solar prices by about 75% from 2010 to 2020 on the potential deployment of solar technologies in the United States. DOE's SunShot Initiative envisions reaching a $1.50/W installed system price for residential rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems by 2020 and a $1.25/W installed price for commercial rooftop PV systems by 2020. The SolarDS model was used to simulate rooftop PV market demand based on these price projections, along with several market assumptions, including customer access to financing, future retail electricity rates, and net-metering policies. In the SunShot Vision Study, U.S. rooftop PV demand increased from about 1 GW in 2010 to 121 GW by 2030 and 240 GW by 2050.

关键词：屋顶；太阳能电池阵列；部署；电力；能源政策

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We describe one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystals that support a guided mode suitable for atom trapping within a unit cell, as well as a second probe mode with strong atom photon interactions. A new hybrid trap is analyzed that combines optical and Casimir Polder forces to form stable traps for neutral atoms in dielectric nanostructures. By suitable design of the band structure, the atomic spontaneous emission rate into the probe mode can exceed the rate into all other modes by more than tenfold. The unprecedented single- atom reflectivity r0 >/approximately 0.9 for the guided probe field should enable diverse investigations of photon-mediated interactions for 1D atom chains and cavity quantum electrodynamics.

关键词：原子；光子晶体；陷印（带电粒子）；一维；光学波导

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Thorough analysis of drag and power characteristics of hydrodynamic power turbines is necessary for the efficient extraction of energy available at sea. In an effort to obtain these characteristics for a three-bladed, axial- flow hydroturbine, used to provide electric power on small sailing vessels, a load cell and voltage measuring system was installed on a carriage in a towing tank for analysis across a speed range of 0.5 to 1.8 m/s. A high-speed camera was used to determine the precise carriage speed and the rotational speed of the turbine rotor. For validation of concept, two thin flat plates were analyzed using the same drag force measuring system in the tow tank to compare experimentally determined drag coefficients with known literature values. Results are shown for the drag force experienced by the flat plates and both the non-rotating and the rotating turbine configurations. Additional results are shown for the turbine s power generation capabilities at rotational speeds between 90 and 500 RPMs. Using computational fluid dynamics for the rectangular flat plate and non-rotational turbine configuration, the experimental and computational results for the drag force characteristics were compared.

关键词：计算流体动力学；流体力学特性；轴流式水轮机

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Professor Michl and collaborators prepared several icosahedral monocarba-closo-dodecaborate anions carrying halogen and trifluoromethyl substituents and investigated their oxidation by chemical and electrochemical means and by quantum chemical calculations. These anions are of interest for fuel cell and high-voltage battery applications, because they are unusually weakly nucleophilic and extremely difficult to oxidize, with reversible redox potentials calculated up to 5 V above ferrocene/ferricenium. In liquid sulfur dioxide, the standard solvent for electrochemical oxidation at highly positive potentials, all oxidations were irreversible. In 1,1,1,3,3,3- hexafluoroisopropan-2-ol, the undecafluorinated anion is oxidized reversibly at 2.43 V above ferrocene/ferricenium (calculated 2.40 V) but the radical is too unstable for isolation. Other undecahalogenated anions are oxidized irreversibly. A promising new solvent that dissolves supporting electrolytes and resists oxidation is 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane. In two cases, the oxidized neutral radicals were sufficiently stable in perfluorohexane solution for spectroscopic characterization, but only up to -40 degrees C. At temperatures closer to ambient, this solvent was oxidized.

关键词：氟化；碘化；氧化；盐；酸；阴离子

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Well-known, the interest to the colloidal solution with quantum dots (QDs) lies in their fluorescence properties. Among the advantages of QDs are the high resistance to photooxidation, the size and composition variation allowing to Obtain the narrow emission spectra with high quantum yield from the ultraviolet to the near infrared region. In this chapter we present the last achievements in forming and bio-medical applications of luminescent Si and SiC QDs. It is shown that a broad size distribution of Si QDs are obtained at electrochemical etching. The dimensions of the Si QDs undergone filtering in colloidal solution vary discretely with a radius quantum equal to 0.12 nm. Existing of this quantum may correspond to step-like increasing of Si QDs radius on one new shell at the surface of Si QDs. The formed QDs show intense luminescent in visual region. However, one of the major drawbacks of Si QDs for bio-medical application is instability over time in water or buffer solutions. To overcome this drawback the several methods of surface functionalization are discussed. The SiC QDs are stable in water solutions and do not require supplementary surface functionalisation for bioimaging. A strong fluorescence from the SiC QDs, which undoubtedly penetrate into the cell, has been observed. The studying of health and cancer cells using SiC QDs shows that simple modification of surface charge of QDs gives strong opportunity to target the same QDs in intracellular space with their preferential localisation inside or outside the cell nucleus.

关键词：电池材料；电化学腐蚀；电池性能

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Multi-Mission Earth Entry Vehicles (MMEEVs) are blunt-body vehicles designed with the purpose of transporting payloads from outer space to the surface of the Earth. To achieve high-reliability and minimum weight, MMEEVs avoid use of limited-reliability systems, such as parachutes and retro-rockets, instead using built-in impact attenuators to absorb energy remaining at impact to meet landing loads requirements. The Multi-Mission Systems Analysis for Planetary Entry (M-SAPE) parametric design tool is used to facilitate the design of MMEEVs and develop the trade space. Testing was conducted to characterize the material properties of several candidate impact foam attenuators to enhance M-SAPE analysis. In the current effort, two different Rohacell foams were tested to determine their thermal conductivity in support of MMEEV design applications. These applications include thermal insulation during atmospheric entry, impact attenuation, and post-impact thermal insulation in support of thermal soak analysis. Results indicate that for these closed-cell foams, the effect of impact is limited on thermal conductivity due to the venting of the virgin material gas and subsequent ambient air replacement. Results also indicate that the effect of foam temperature is significant compared to data suggested by manufacturer's specifications.

关键词：航空航天器；大气层；衰减器；泡沫

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Methanol continues to be the most likely practical fuel for fuel cells operating at low internal temperatures. Enhanced knowledge of the electrochemistry of the anodic oxidation of methanol at platinum electrodes could assist in the attempts to improve the platinum-based electrocatalysts that are commonly employed in that technology. Numerous studies of the overall kinetics of the methanol anode have included identifying dissolved products and adsorbed species but little has been reported on the quantitative rate of the adsorption process. In the lower range of potentials, where no oxidative products are released to the electrolyte, the adsorption is initiated by an electrochemical dehydrogenation and follows Elovich kinetics. Specifically, adsorbed anions affect both the rate of methanol adsorption and its oxidation to desorbed products.

关键词：吸附；电极；基甲醇；阴离子；阳极；燃料电池

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