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2001.总脂质脂肪酸甲基酯(FAME)的原位酯交换反应确定，实验室分析方法
[化学原料和化学制品制造业] [2014-11-19]
This procedure is based on a whole biomass transesterification of lipids to fatty acid methyl esters to represent an accurate reflection of the potential of microalgal biofuels. Lipids are present in many forms and play various roles within an algal cell, from cell membrane phospholipids to energy stored as triacylglycerols.
关键词：藻类生物燃料;生物量;细胞膜;提取;脂肪酸;脂类;甲基酯;磷脂;样本;酯交换
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2002.木质生物质转化为碳氢化合物燃料，快速热解和加氢处理生物油途径的流程设计和经济效益
[电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2014-11-19]
This report describes a proposed thermochemical process for converting biomass into liquid transportation fuels via fast pyrolysis followed by hydroprocessing of the condensed pyrolysis oil. As such, the analysis does not reflect the current state of commercially-available technology but includes advancements that are likely, and targeted to be achieved by 2017. The purpose of this study is to quantify the economic impact of individual conversion targets to allow a focused effort towards achieving cost reductions.
关键词：生物质转换;木质纤维素,碳氢化合物,生物燃料;热解;降低成本;经济影响;加氢处理;食用油;热化学过程;运输燃料
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2003.基于CFD的载荷及温室热风供暖系统的温度分布模拟
[信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业,电气机械和器材制造业,电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2014-11-19]
A greenhouse heating mode was proposed in this paper in order to reduce energy consumption and increase the efficiency of heating system for greenhouse.Considering experimental greenhouse practical operating conditions and various environmental factors, a warm air heating system, with heat source of biomass boilers, end heat abstractor of fan coils, was designed and some winter heating experiments was conducted.With the CFD method, the modelling of thermal environment inside the greenhouse in winter night was realized, temperature variation and distribution was simulated by STAR-CCM+.The simulation results were compared with experimental temperatures at the key positions in the greenhouse, and indicated that temperature errors of the monitoring points were less than 2K, relative error less than 8％, calculated root-mean-square error was 0.47K.Thus the validity of proposed model was certified.
关键词：载荷及温室;温度分布;实验研究;数值模拟
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2004.阿米瑞斯公司集成利用生物质精炼项目总结
[电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2014-11-19]
The Amyris pilot-scale Integrated Biorefinery (IBR) leveraged Amyris synthetic biology and process technology experience to upgrade Amyriss existing Emeryville, California pilot plant and fermentation labs to enable development of US-based production capabilities for renewable diesel fuel and alternative chemical products. These products were derived semi-synthetically from high-impact biomass feedstocks via microbial fermentation to the 15-carbon intermediate farnesene, with subsequent chemical finishing to farnesane. The Amyris IBR team tested and provided methods for production of diesel and alternative chemical products from sweet sorghum, and other high-impact lignocellulosic feedstocks, at pilot scale. This enabled robust techno-economic analysis (TEA), regulatory approvals, and a basis for full-scale manufacturing processes and facility design.
关键词：生物量;生物炼制;化学过程;柴油燃料;饲料;发酵;葡萄糖;制造;石化流程;可再生燃料,降低风险
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2005.聚(乙烯醇)胶原蛋白水凝胶使用响应面方法的物理性质研究
[化学原料和化学制品制造业] [2014-11-19]
A novel covalent bond cross-linked poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-collagen hydrogel was prepared and the physical properties were studied.The carboxyl groups were introduced into PVA through the reaction with chloroacetic acid.The EDC and NHS were used as cross-linker.The hydrogels were prepared by repeated freezing and thawing.For a better understanding of the influence of the parameters and their interaction,three factors were investigated by a response surface methodology.The physical properties of the hydrogels were analyzed.The results indicated that the response surface models could significantly fit the response values.Moreover,comparing with the single factor,the interactions between factors had more obvious effects to the physical properties of PVA-Collagen hydrogels.After the analysis of factors' influences and investigation of the data and trends,the structure of the hydrogels might be the driving force of the different physical behaviors.
关键词：聚(乙烯醇);胶原蛋白;水凝胶;物理性能;响应面方法
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2006.使用精馏模拟系统对倒风气化炉中的高温空气蒸汽进行生物质气化的模拟
[电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2014-11-19]
A comprehensive process model is developed for high temperature air-steam biomass gasification in a downdraft gasifier using the ASPEN PLUS simulator.The simulation results are compared with the experimental data obtained through pilot scale downdraft gasifier.In this study,the model is used to investigate the effects of gasifying agent preheating,equivalence ratio (ER),and steam/biomass (S/B) on producer gas composition,high heating value (HHV),and cold gas efficiency (CGE).Results indicate that H2 and CO contents have increased when gasifying agent preheating is used,while gasifying agent preheating has no effect with H2 and CO at high ER.At high level of S/B,the concentrations of H2 and CO are related with water-gas shift reaction in significant.HHV and CGE depend on the concentrations of H2 and CO in producer gas,which can increase by preheated gasifying agent.However,gasifying agent preheating should apply with waste heat from the process because there is no additional cost of energy price.
关键词：气流气化炉；高温空气蒸汽；生物质气化
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2007.催化升级糖碳氢化合物的技术途径
[化学原料和化学制品制造业] [2014-11-14]
In support of the Bioenergy Technologies Office, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) are undertaking studies of biomass conversion technologies to hydrocarbon fuels to identify barriers and target research toward reducing conversion costs. Process designs and preliminary economic estimates for each of these pathway cases were developed using rigorous modeling tools (Aspen Plus and Chemcad). These analyses incorporated the best information available at the time of development, including data from recent pilot- and bench-scale demonstrations, collaborative industrial and academic partners, and published literature and patents.
关键词：碳氢化合物;糖类;催化剂;障碍;生物质能转换;成本;燃料;技术评估
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2008.先进的可替代和可再生柴油燃料：物理和化学性质的详细描述
[电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业,石油加工、炼焦和核燃料加工业] [2014-11-14]
This report documents and compares the results of detailed analyses of the physical and chemical properties of ten advanced alternative and renewable diesel fuels and four commercial ultra low sulfur diesels (ULSDs). A key objective of this study conducted by the AVFL-19 Working Group of the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) Advanced Vehicle/Fuel/Lubricants Committee was to identify the similarities and differences of these emerging advanced alternative and renewable fuels compared to conventional petroleum derived ULSDs. The four advanced alternative fuels consisted of samples derived from gas-to-liquids (GTL), shale oils, and oil sands. The six renewable fuels were derived from biomass sources including plant, animal, and algal lipids and cellulosic materials. For all of these renewable fuels, none of the oxygen atoms inherent in the starting feedstock were detected, suggesting that they have been hydroprocessed. The four ULSDs were produced at different refineries in the US.
关键词：柴油燃料;生物量;化学性质;油砂;石油页岩;石油;物理性能;可再生能源;硫磺;替代燃料
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2009.先进的钯膜扩大用于氢分离：最终报告
[橡胶和塑料制品业,化学原料和化学制品制造业] [2014-11-14]
Advancements in hydrogen (H2) membrane separation are critical to allow the development of a viable H2 economy based on coal/biomass processing with CO2 capture. United Technologies Research Center (UTRC), in collaboration with Power+Energy, Inc. (P+E) and the Energy & Environmental Research Center at the University of North Dakota (EERC), therefore proposed to demonstrate palladium (Pd) based membrane separation of H2 from coal-derived syngas at the pre-engineering/pilot scale.
关键词：氢;膜;钯合金;生物量;碳捕获;二氧化碳;煤;分离流程;合成气的过程
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2010.微生物基因组学的科学与应用：车间的总结
[科学研究和技术服务业,医药制造业] [2014-11-14]
Over the past several decades, new scientific tools and approaches for detecting microbial species have dramatically enhanced our appreciation of the diversity and abundance of the microbiota and its dynamic interactions with the environments within which these microorganisms reside. The first bacterial genome2 was sequenced in 1995 and took more than 13 months of work to complete. Today (2012), a microorganisms entire genome can be sequenced in a few days. Much as our view of the cosmos was forever altered in the 17th century with the invention of the telescope (Nee, 2004), these genomic technologies, and the observations derived from them, have fundamentally transformed our appreciation of the microbial world around us.
关键词：基因;基因测序;脱氧核糖核酸基因工程;研究项目;微生物;技术转让;生物质能转换
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