Social sensing applications refer to those where individuals play an important role in data collection. They can act as sensor carriers (e.g., carrying GPS devices that share location data), sensor operators (e.g., taking pictures with smart phones), or as sensors themselves (e.g., sharing their observations on Twitter). The proliferation of sensors in the possession of the average individual, together with the popularity of social networks that allow massive information dissemination, heralds an era of social sensing that brings about new research challenges reviewed in this chapter.

关键词：传感器；社会传感应用；数据收集

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Firstly,the process of establishing automotive ecology related systems and the necessity of automotive eco-design assessment to carry out were introduced.The overall objective of automotive eco-design assessment about China was described.And then,automotive eco-design assessment system of China was established by screening the most vulnerable index of energy-saving,environmental protection and health impact in all automotive life cycle stages by the approaches of desk information research,business investigation visit and industry expert consultation.Finally,a wide range of automotive eco-design assessment strategy model was proposed.

关键词：节能；汽车；生态设计；评价指标体系

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have received significant attention from the wireless networking research community within the last decade due to their potential to be deployed in many real-life applications where human accessibility is limited. While early deployments of WSNs utilized stationary tiny sensors, later, due to wide range of application possibilities, deployment of mobile sensors within WSNs were considered. These sensors have been used for both sensing and mobility purposes which led to a new type of WSNs called Mobile Sensor Networks (MSNs). In this chapter, we examine various mobile sensors from the perspective of their design, implementation and how they form a network. In particular, we investigate the characteristics of existing MSN testbeds and categorize them based on these characteristics. We also provide future research issues in regards to MSN testbeds and their realization in real-life applications.

关键词：无线传感器网络；移动传感器；MSN

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The intelligent LED daylight lamp lighting control system is designed.According to the external light intensity,the control system which uses the PWM light modulation technology,ST89C52 Single Chip Microcontroller as the control system core,can adjust brightness of the LED daylight lamp automatically and accurately,and can also manually adjust the brightness.A comfortable lighting environment can created through the system for controlling the illumination source,the purpose of energy saving can be achieved.The control system which can be used for a variety of lighting situations has strong application value.

关键词：节能；智能；LED日光灯；PWM光调制

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While many of the basic concepts underpinning net-zero energy (NZE) buildings were pioneered in the United States, interest waned when energy prices declined in the early 1980s. Now, the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 is driving design parameters for higher levels of performance for federal buildings by 2030, and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) set a national goal in 2010 to achieve NZE in 50% of all commercial buildings by 2050.

关键词：节能；零能源（NZE）；零能源建筑；商业建筑；经济效益；

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The present chapter describes the preparation and analytical applications of biosensors based on lipid film technology. Recent technological advances include the construction of stabilized supported lipid film-based devices on a polymer or another support with incorporated enzyme or a receptor (natural or artificial) stable in air. These sensors reveal detection limits in the nanomolar range. The most important aspect of the present effort is to provide a commercial portable sensor that can be used for in-field and market applications. Present technology starts to offer chemo- or biosensors that can be portable and be used by nonspe-cialized personnel for rapid in situ detections of various compounds. The results have shown that a diversity of lipid film-based biosensors can be reused after storage in air even after a period of couple of months and can be reproducibly fabricated with simplicity and low cost. These analytical methods are faster and have a lower cost than those based on chromato-graphic techniques and can be used as rapid portable detectors complimentary to these methods for in-field and market measurements in foods, and for environmental monitoring.

关键词：脂质膜；生物传感器；聚合物；离子通道开关

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Sensor networks collect data from their environment. Locations of the sensors are an important attribute of that information and provide a context useful to understand, and use sensor data. In this chapter, we will discuss geometric ideas to organize sensor data by using their locations. We will consider distributed methods for managing queries about isolated events, queries about mobile objects, and queries for general signal fields. Location-based methods often require suitable simple geometric domains to operate, and we will discuss how they can be adapted to networks with complex shapes.

关键词：传感器网络；信息存储；信息检索

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Since wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are vulnerable to malicious attacks due to their characteristics, privacy is a critical issue in many WSN applications. In this chapter, we discuss existing privacy enhancing technologies designed for protecting system privacy, data privacy and context privacy in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The privacy-preserving techniques for the system privacy hide the information about the location of source nodes and the location of receiver nodes. The data privacy techniques mainly protect the privacy of data content and in-network data aggregation. The context privacy refers to location privacy of users and the temporal privacy of events. For each of these three kinds of privacy in WSNs, we describe its threats and illustrate its existing privacy-preserving techniques. More importantly, we make comparisons between different techniques and indicate their strengths and weaknesses. We also discuss possible improvement, thus highlighting some research trends in this area.

关键词：无线传感器网络；隐私；接收器；数据隐私

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In this project, an integrated warm-white hybrid light engine was developed. The hybrid approach involves combining phosphor-converted off-white InGaN LEDs and direct-emitting red AlInGaP LEDs in a single light engine to achieve high efficacy together with high color rendering index. We developed and integrated technology improvements in InGaN and AlInGaP die technology, phosphor technology, package architecture and encapsulation, to realize a hybrid warm-white LED package with an efficacy of 140 lm/W at a correlated color temperature of 3000K and a color rendering index of 90, measured under representative operating conditions. This efficacy is 26% higher than the best warm-white LEDs of similar specification that are commercially available at the end of the project.

关键词：节能；发光二极管；照明；电子电路；LED

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A highly sensitive detection system for fine magnetic particles is developed using fundamental mode orthogonal fluxgate (FM-OFG) differential gradiometer sensor. The proposed detection system offers the advantages of weight and cost reduction as compared to existing SQUID detection systems. Simplified qualitative analysis is performed to evaluate the senor output with regard to orientation direction of dipole moment for the detected particle. Experimental setup was used for validation of the theory and investigation of detection range limit.

关键词：磁通门梯度仪；检测；磁传感器

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