On the base of the analysis of the electricity production and consumption characteristics of iron and steel enterprises,this paper has established a optimization model of electricity production in iron and steel enterprises which comprehensive considered the electricity,gas,and steam.It can do joint optimization scheduling from electricity production and outsourcing,gas distribution,and steam production three sides,so that it can provide a reasonable electricity production and outsourcing strategy for iron and steel enterprises to reduce the system operation costs.Where,the optimized allocation of surplus gas and steam production scheduling is the means,the optimization scheduling of electricity production and outsourcing is ultimate goal.

关键词：节能；钢铁企业；电力；优化

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The problem of data transmission can be denned, in simple terms, as that of allowing proper information exchange between a transmitter and a receiver interconnected by what is generally termed communication channel. In view of a number of physical factors, this channel is, in practice, responsible for distorting the messages it conveys, which establishes a concrete demand for efficient countermeasures. A popular strategy in this context is to make use of a filter - a systematically crafted information-processing device - to compensate for the channel effects. This filter is known as equalizer, and the aforementioned strategy is the description of the raison d'etre of an equalization process.

关键词：传感器；数据传输；信道互连；接收机

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As discussed in the previous chapter, Low Power Communication is the key to realization of a low power sensor node. Since sensor nodes require only low data rate communication, it might sound intuitively clear that they should also naturally be low power. After all, if a node does less work, it should also consume lesser power. But somehow this doesn't seem to fit the behavior for low data rate communication, short range radios. If we look at existing radio designs at various data rates and ranges, we see that the design space occupied is very wide. There are designs that operate at very high (～100 Mbps) data rates and designs that operate at low data rates (～100 Kbps). There are designs that take wall supply, consuming a few watts of power, while some work on batteries. If one looks at energy per bit requirements of these designs, while some designs operate at hundreds of nJ/bit, some other designs exist consuming only 0.1 nJ/bit (Fig. 2.1). Now if we plot the range over these designs and examine how they should scale according to the energy/ bit requirements we should see radios working at low data rates while consuming few microwatts of power, as required by sensor networks. These designs do not exist. The reasons there aren't any designs in this space requires us to consider the consequences of scaling traditional design as we go for lower and lower data rate. Since Shannon's law governs the limit on the energy efficiency of radio communication and link margin vis-a-vis the channel capacity, it makes sense to have a closer look at it and then see what constraints typical radio architectures have that prevent power from scaling in low data rate applications.

关键词：传感器；低功率通信；短距离无线电

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This chapter provides a brief overview of applying educational data mining (EDM) to identify the behaviour of students in virtual teaching environments and presents the results of one particular b-learning initiative. The purpose of the research is to explore the usage patterns of asynchronous communication tools by students. The initiative was developed over one semester on an operations research course that was taught using a b-learning methodology at a School of Economic Sciences. In particular, active, non-active, collaborative and passive users were identified using a soft clustering approach. A fuzzy clustering algorithm is used to identify groups of students based on their social interaction in forums and the temporal evolution of this classification during the semester is presented.

关键词：传感器；教育数据挖掘；EDM；虚拟教学环境

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Many emerging medical application systems require the wireless communication functions. Nowadays, wireless medical application for sensing purposes such as the long term electrophysiology signal (ECG, EEG, etc.) monitoring [1], the digestive tract imaging with the wireless endoscope capsule [2], the fetal heart sounds tele-examination [3] and the real-time pressure sensing in artificial joint replacement surgeries [4] have gained many remarkable achievements. Also, the wireless medical applications for intervention purposes such as neural stimulation for cochlear implants [5] and insulin delivery with closed-loop control [6] have preliminarily demonstrated the clinical practice value.

关键词：无线通信；收发器；功耗；无线医疗传感

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are increasingly gaining impact in our day to day lives. They are finding a wide range of applications in various domains, including health care, assisted and enhanced-living scenarios, industrial and production monitoring, control networks, and many other fields. In future, WSNs are expected to be integrated into the "Internet of Things", where sensor nodes join the Internet dynamically, and use it tocollaborate and accomplish their tasks. As wireless sensor networks being used in many emerging applications the requirement of providing high quality of service (QoS) is becoming ever more necessary. This highlights major issues like collision, scalability, latency, throughput and energy consumption. In addition mobile sensor network faces further challenges like link failure, neighbourhood information, association, scheduling, synchronisation and collision. Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols play vital role in solving these key issues. This chapter presents the fundamentals of MAC protocols and explains the specific requirements and problems these protocols have to withstand for WSN. The QoS is addressed for both static and mobile sensor networks with detailed case study of the IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN standard. Research challenges with literature survey and further directions are also discussed. The chapter ends with conclusions and references.

关键词：无线传感器网络；医疗保健；物联网；MAC

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Wireless sensor networks have attracted much attention due to their ability to collect data from areas of interest. The limited energy capacity along with the difficulty of charging batteries of deployed sensors render energy-aware routing essential for sustained operation of wireless sensor networks. In this chapter, we classify energy-aware routing algorithms into five categories according to their network architecture: flat multi-hop routing that finds paths to minimize energy consumption or increase sensor network lifetime, hierarchical routing that creates a hierarchy and applies data-aggregation to reduce energy consumption, hybrid multi-hop routing that is a combination of the former two and mitigates the energy hole problem, data-centric routing that performs in-network data-aggregation to eliminate wasteful transmissions, and location-based routing that uses location information to reduce the energy consumption of the wireless sensor network. Furthermore, we present a cross-cutting discussion which addresses data-aggregation, network lifetime definition, routing overhead, the energy hole phenomenon, and collisions/interferences.

关键词：无线传感器网络；传感器；充电部署；数据汇聚

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Mental health informatics is a multi-disciplinary endeavour incorporating many areas of research in information technology, communication, computer science, neuroscience, physiology, psychiatry, and psychology. Telepsychiatry and health social networks seem to be relatively well established with a great deal of industry and government support. In the recent years, many web-based online psychology counselling services have also been observed. Still, there remains much to be done, in particular more extensive and structured trials of the proposed methods seem warranted. However, many studies indicate the potential power of each of the approaches in solving current mental health care problems.

关键词：传感器；心理健康信息；信息技术；在线心理咨询服务

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For this report, GAOs objectives were to (1) identify states that have funded replacement programs and describe these programs; (2) identify challenges, if any, these states reported facing in implementing these programs; and (3) determine the extent to which these programs resulted in energy savings sufficient to offset replacement costs. To address these objectives, GAO surveyed all 50 states and the District of Columbia, examined data from pilot programs spanning about 2 years, and interviewed officials from three state-based programs.

关键词：节能；活动房屋；联邦援助计划；低收入群体

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Spectral allocation is critical for any radio architecture. A radio working within a given slice of spectrum has to cope with unwanted but co-existing interferers. These interferers can severely limit performance. To enable efficient and effective utilization of spectral resources government agencies across the world regulate the use of spectrum domestically and internationally. In the US, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) designates different frequency bands for different applications while limiting radiation characteristics of radios operating in a specific band. While various commercial wireless communication systems such as GSM, CDMA etc. work on a licensed spectrum, FCC also provides various unlicensed spectral-bands, where one can transmit legally by simply complying with the radiation emission mask. Since cost of operation is an important factor for wireless sensor network deployment, operating radios in the unlicensed band is also desired. In this chapter, we specifically look at the FCC's UWB spectral mask, and provide an example of a multi-band radio that operates in compliance with the spectral mask constraints placed by the FCC.

关键词：传感器；频谱分配；无线电架构；无线电频谱

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