Congress, recognizing the potential for energy savings in the use of general lighting for illumination, requested in the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA 2007) that the Department of Energy (DOE) contract with the National Research Council (NRC) to conduct a study to assess the status of solid-state lighting (SSL) as a technology. The contract requested that the National Academies provide an objective and independent assessment of the current state of solid-state lighting and its future potential for accommodating the new minimum efficiency standards for lighting.

关键词：节能；照明；固态照明；发光二极管

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This paper constructs a new type experimental investigation of a heat storage solar water heater-water/air source heat pump double stage coupling capillary network radiation heating system, The system is a combination of a solar clean, reproducibility and water/air source heat pump energy saving property, is a kind of energy saving, pollution-free energy efficient system.In Qinhuangdao local climatic conditions test capillary network radiation heating, water source heat pump, air source heat pump operation parameters, analyzes the system as a whole, it is concluded that the operation of heat storage solar water heater-water/air source heat pump double stage coupling capillary network radiation heating system is suitable for in Qinhuangdao climate condition in application.

关键词：节能；水源热泵；空气源热泵；毛细管网供热系统

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The Robot Operating System (ROS) is a popular middleware that eases the design, implementation, and maintenance of robot systems. In particular, ROS enables the integration of a large number of heterogeneous devices in a single system. To allow these devices to communicate and cooperate, ROS requires device-specific interfaces to be available. This restricts the number of devices that can effectively be integrated in a ROS-based system. In this work we present the design, implementation, and evaluation of a ROS middleware client that allows to integrate constrained devices like wireless sensor nodes in a ROS-based system. Wireless sensor nodes embedded in the environment in which a robot system is operating can indeed help robots in navigating and interacting with the environment. The client has been implemented for devices running the Contiki operating system but its design can be readily extended to other systems like, e.g., TinyOS. Our evaluation shows that: in-buffer processing of ROS messages without relying on dynamic memory allocation is possible; message contents can be accessed conveniently using well-known concepts of the C language (structs) with negligible processing overhead with respect to a C++-based client; and that ROS' message-passing abstraction facilitates the integration of devices running event-based systems like Contiki.

关键词：机器人操作系统；无线传感器；活性氧

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The debate in the empirical literature and economic regional policy has been largely about stimulating fruitful environments. The success of clusters like Silicon Valley and diversified cities such as New York City stimulated many scientific and policy projects on this subject and incited a massive literature on agglomeration economies. Many papers focus on the question whether specialised or diversified cities are the most fruitful environments. Duranton and Puga (2001) were the first to point out that both types are important in a system of cities. The question remains however how to induce such a beneficial environment and whether the advantages of proximity are similar in both city types.

关键词：传感器；集聚经济；集群硅谷；多元化

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This report summarizes the status of the project at the conclusion of the 2011-2012 heating season. During this first season various control settings and system configurations were altered as the systems were adjusted to maximize comfort and energy savings. The performance of the systems will be monitored during the 2012-2013 season and an updated final report will be prepared.

关键词：节能；热水供暖；供暖系统；锅炉；控制系统

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Many network operations and applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) need sensor nodes for obtaining their locations. Sensor nodes equipped with geographical positioning system (GPS) devices are aware of their locations at a precision level of few meters. However, installing GPS devices on a large number of sensor nodes is not only costly but affects the form factor of these sensor nodes. Moreover, GPS-based localization is not applicable in indoor environments such as buildings. There exists an extensive amount of research literature that aims at obtaining absolute locations as well as relative spatial locations of sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network without requiring specialized hardware at large scale. The typical approach that significantly reduces the cost is replacing the large set of statically deployed GPS-enhanced sensor nodes with limited number of mobile anchors. These mobile anchors are aware of their own locations and move in order to cover the entire network, and then try to infer locations of sensor nodes using various techniques e.g. geometric, statistical etc. Thus, keeping this in mind the chapter presents key issues and inherent challenges faced by the mobility-assisted localization techniques in WSNs. Also, we take a close look at the algorithmic approaches of various important fine-grained mobility-assisted localization techniques applicable for low power, resource constrained and highly distributed sensor nodes.

关键词：无线传感器网络；网络操作；传感器节点；绝对位置

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In recent years, there has been intense research and considerable progress in solving numerous wireless sensor networking challenges. However, the key problem of enabling real-time quality-aware multimedia transmission over wireless sensor networks is largely unexplored. The large amount of data generated by most multimedia applications (compared to traditional scalar sensor networks), along with the higher QoS requirements make it difficult to meet the low energy use requirements of practical sensor networks. We explore the use of compressed sensing (aka "compressive sampling") to reduce the energy required to encode and transmit high quality video in a severely resource-constrained environment. In this chapter, we will examine some of the major challenges of wireless multimedia sensor network (WMSN) implementation. Specifically, we examine what it would take to develop a WMSN that has similar performance (and restrictions) as a traditional scalar wireless sensor network (WSN). We then examine how we can use the new paradigm of compressed sensing (CS) to solve many of these problems.

关键词：无线传感器网络；多媒体传输；编码；压缩传感

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In wireless sensor networks, sensors are often deployed without a priori knowledge of their locations or sensor node locations can change during the lifetime of a network. However, location information is essential for a variety of reasons. Sensors monitor phenomena in the physical world and given the location of the sensors, it is then possible to estimate the location of the observed phenomenon. For example, chemical and humidity sensors deployed on a farm can provide information about soil moisture, crop health, and animal movement if the sensor locations are known. Accurate location information is also needed for various sensor network management tasks such as routing based on geographic information, object tracking, and providing location-aware services. Frequently, sensor node localization is performed using ranging techniques, where the distances between a sensor device and several known reference points are determined to derive the position of a sensor. However, the cost and limitations of the hardware needed for range-based localization schemes often make them poor choices for WSNs. Therefore, a variety of localization protocols have been proposed that attempt to avoid the use of ranging techniques with the goal to provide more cost-effective and simpler alternatives. These range-free localization techniques estimate a node's position using either neighborhood information, hop counts from well-known anchor points, or information derived from the area a node is believed to reside in. This chapter introduces the basic concepts of range-free localization, surveys a variety of state-of-the-art localization techniques, compares qualitatively the characteristics of these protocols, and discusses current research directions in range-free localization.

关键词：无线传感器网络；传感器；节点位置；先验知识网络

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A wireless sensor network (WSN) is categorized as three-dimensional (3D) when variation in the height of deployed sensor nodes is not negligible as compared to length and breadth of deployment field. The fundamental problem in such 3D networks is to find an optimal way to deploy sensor nodes needed to maintain full (or targeted degree of) coverage of monitored volume and reliable connectivity as desired by network designers. The solution should yield lower bound on number of nodes needed to achieve full coverage and connectivity. However, optimizing coverage and connectivity in 3D WSNs comes with its inherent complexities and intrinsic design challenges. 3D WSNs are not only difficult to visualize but their analysis is also computationally intensive. This literature summarizes major work conducted in the domain of coverage and connectivity in 3D WSNs. It studies different placement strategies, fundamental characteristics, modeling schemes, analytical methods, limiting factors, and practical constraints dealing with coverage and connectivity in 3D WSNs.

关键词：无线传感器网络；三维网络；3D；靶向度

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In recent technology demonstrations, data from occupancy sensors tracking plug load reductions with occupancy have shown energy-saving potential for both business and nonbusiness hours. Also, dense panel-level sub-metering has been used to quantify whole-building receptacle circuit energy consumption, energy savings, and return on investment for the whole building. Receptacle-level metering has been used to show the plug load energy consumption of individual devices and workstations. This paper documents the process (and results) of applying advanced power strips with various control approaches.

关键词：节能；写字楼；负载管理；HVAC系统；高级电源板

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