From 2008 to 2010, an estimated 194,000 highway vehicle fires occurred in the United States each year resulting in an annual average of approximately 300 deaths, 1,250 injuries and $1.1 billion in property loss. These highway vehicle fires accounted for 14 percent of fires responded to by fire departments across the nation. Highway vehicle fires include fires in passenger road vehicles (e.g., cars, motorcycles and off-road recreational vehicles), freight road transport vehicles (e.g., dump trucks, fire apparatus and tank trucks), and agricultural and construction vehicles. This topical report addresses the characteristics of highway vehicle fires reported to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) from 2008 to 2010.

关键词：汽车；高速公路；交通安全

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Stennis Space Center was interested in using smart sensors to monitor components on test stands and avert equipment failures. Partnering with St. Paul, Minnesota-based Lion Precision through a Cooperative Agreement, the team developed a smart sensor and the associated communication protocols. The same sensor is now commercially available for manufacturing.

关键词：通信网络；诊断；故障；制造业；试验台

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The purpose of the review was to evaluate selected health care facility operations, focusing on patient care quality and the environment of care, and to provide crime awareness briefings. We conducted the review the week of June 3, 2013.

关键词：医疗服务；医疗保健；通信

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Our specific aims are: a) determine if blood based dipstick test of mitochondrial damage can predict the severity of metabolic failure and brain injury after TBI or TBI with preexisting stress (PTSD+TBI), b) study pyruvate as a countermeasure to mitigate mitochondrial functions in injured brain. Male Sprague Dawley rats with TBI, PTSD and PTSD+TBI were treated with/out pyruvate. We found that even one week after TBI, the metabolic, neurobehavioral parameters and expression of cellular proteins were altered. Blood base dipstick test of PDH enzyme as a biomarker of mitochondrial damage showed a good correlation. Pyruvate treatment showed neuroprotective properties in spite of muscle damage.

关键词：线粒体；创伤后应激障碍；创伤性脑损伤；医药

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The southern cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Bm) is a vector of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis. Tick resistance to organophosphate (OP) acaricide involves acetylcholinesterase (AChE) insensitivity to OP and metabolic detoxification. Sequencing and in vitro expression of Bm genes encoding AChE allowed biochemical characterization of three BmAChEs expressed in tick synganglion. rBmAChE1, rBm- AChE2 and rBmAChE3 exhibited substrate preference for acetylthiocholine, high substrate inhibition and sensitivity to AChE-specific inhibitors. OP-insensitivity mutations were demonstrated in rBmAChE1 and rBmAChE3. Gene silencing suggested functional complementation of BmAChEs in vivo. BmAChE genes were amplified in copy number and multiple transcript polymorphisms were expressed in individual tick synganglia for each of the BmAChEs, suggesting allelic diversity within individuals. Studies also identified a gene encoding AChE of the sand fly, Phlebotomus papatasi, a vector of leishmaniasis in humans and animals. Expression of recombinant P. papatasi AChE (rPpAChE) enabled biochemical characterization and identification of effective inhibitors that selectively target rPpAChE.

关键词：体外分析；体内分析；代谢；降噪；医药

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Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNSTs) are soft tissue sarcomas that arise in connective tissue surrounding peripheral nerves. They occur sporadically and in a subset of patients with Neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF1) syndrome. MPNSTs are highly aggressive,therapeutically resistant, and typically fatal. Using comparative transcriptome analysis, we identified CXCR4, a G protein-coupled receptor, as highly expressed in mouse models of NF1- deficient MPNSTs, but not in non-transformed precursor cells. In MPNSTs, high chemokine CXCR4 receptor and CXCL12 ligand levels promote tumor growth by stimulating cyclin D1 expression and cell cycle progression through PI3-kinase (PI3K) and -catenin signaling. Suppression of CXCR4 activity, either by shRNA or pharmacological inhibition decreases MPNST cell growth in culture and inhibits tumorigenesis in allografts and in spontaneous genetic mouse models of MPNST. We further demonstrate conservation of these activated molecular pathways in human MPNST. Taken together, our findings indicate a role for CXCR4 in NF1-associated MPNST development, and identify a novel therapeutic target.

关键词：周围神经病变细胞（生物学）；文化（生物学）；遗传学

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As part of the effort to build the Fast Affordable Science and Technology Satellite (FASTSAT), Marshall Space Flight Center developed a low-cost telemetry unit which is used to facilitate communication between a satellite and its receiving station. Huntsville, Alabama-based Orbital Telemetry Inc. has licensed the NASA technology and is offering to install the cost-cutting units on commercial satellites.

关键词：商业航天器；通信卫星；建设；降低成本

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The paper proposes a method to reduce operational force in a bilateral teleoperation system that realizes simultaneity property under communication delay. A bilateral control that realizes simultaneity property is previously proposed, which is achieved by buffering the force information. It focused on the fact that force information from the master motor is the pure information that actuates the motor, therefore, timing of the force information input is corrected. However, the control system requires large force when operator tries to operate the system. The paper clears the reason and the problem is solved by utilizing the delayed position information of the own system. The proposed control system is designed to mix present and buffered position information to reduce the operational force. The delayed information can easily affect the stability problem, therefore, phase compensator is used. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by experiments.

关键词：加速度控制；双向控制系统；通信延迟

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Concurrent object-oriented programming in Beta is based on semaphores and coroutines and the ability to define high-level concurrency abstractions like monitors, and rendezvous-based communication, and their associated schedulers. The coroutine mechanism of SIMULA has been generalized into the notions of concurrent and alternating objects. Alternating objects may be used to start a cooperative thread for each possible blocking communication and is thus an alternative to asynchronous messages and guarded commands. Beta like SIMULA, the first OO language, was designed as a language for modeling as well as programming, and we describe how this has had an impact on the design of the language. Although Beta supports the definition of high-level concurrency abstractions, the use of these rely on the discipline of the programmer as is the case for Java and other mainstream OO languages. We introduce the notion of subpattern (including subclass) restrictions as a mechanism for defining safe concurrency abstractions. Subpattern restrictions have been implemented in a new experimental version of Beta, called xBeta.

关键词：对象编程；信号和协同程序；通信

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Most communication in the modern era takes place over some type of cyber network, to include telecommunications, banking, public utilities, and health systems. Information gained from illegitimate network access can be used to create catastrophic effects at the individual, corporate, national, and even international levels, making cyber security a top priority. Cyber networks frequently encounter amounts of network traffic too large to process real-time threat detection efficiently. Reducing the amount of information necessary for a network monitor to determine the presence of a threat would likely aide in keeping networks more secure. This thesis uses network traffic data captured during the Department of Defense Cyber Defense Exercise to determine which features of network traffic are salient to detecting and classifying threats. After generating a set of 248 features from the capture data, feed-forward artificial neural networks were generated and signal-to-noise ratios were used to prune the feature set to 18 features while still achieving an accuracy ranging from 83% - 94%. The salient features primarily come from the transport layer section of the network traffic data and involve the client/server connection parameters, size of the initial data sent, and number of segments and/or bytes sent in the flow.

关键词：精度；通信和无线电系统；通信网络；数码网络

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