Improvised explosive devices and car bombs have long been identified as threats to U.S. Army personnel deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan. They have gained considerable attention and notoriety, even infamy, among our troops, who have had to learn the appropriate responses and countermeasures to contend with the fielding of these systems against them. Far less recognized is the fact that a similar threat embodied in car bombs has emerged much closer to our homeland within Mexico. Since mid-2010, cartel car bombings have taken place in a country on our southern border and have been targeted against both the forces of opposing cartels and those belonging to Mexican military and law enforcement agencies. With the election of the new presidential Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) administration in July 2012, these car bombings have ceased altogether after rapidly escalating in their levels of employment. Whether this was a response to the expected shift in countercartel policies from the National Action Party (PAN) to the PRI administration that began in December 2012, simply a strategic pause of some sort, or an outcome of another casual factor is unknown. What is important is that the use of car bombs in Mexico by the cartels has the potential to threaten U.S. agents, facilities, and interests in that nation and could also conceivably spread to our border cities though this would appear to be a very unlikely possibility based on the use of car bomb trends and analysis presented in this Paper. The authors of this Letort Paper, Dr. Robert Bunker and John Sullivan, draw upon their wealth of knowledge and expertise pertaining to the Mexican cartels and organized crime and, interestingly, is derived from their long-standing counterterrorism backgrounds with regard to suicide bombing and active aggressor response.

关键词：汽车；汽车爆炸；交通安全

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An investigation was undertaken to examine the application of a laser beam scanning methodology on the measurement of the time-averaged spray spatial structure. This approach can directly reduce secondary light scattering effects from the spray droplets and can take into account probe laser beam and scattered light intensity attenuation in order to reduce associated uncertainties on the spray characteristics. Evaluation of two approaches was performed, where one considered scanning the probe laser beam across the spray and the other considered traversing the spray while the probing beam and the imaging optics were fixed. It is determined that for the purposes of evaluating the methodology for correcting quantitative measurement errors due to attenuation, the second approach is more appropriate. This is because scanning the beam would require constant refocusing of the imaging system to the probed region. Another issue is the changing imaging resolution as the distance between the probe laser beam and the imaging optics is constantly changing. By traversing the spray across the probe beam, both of the aforementioned effects are eliminated and the signal correction methodology can be applied directly. The scattered light intensity correction methodology was successfully applied to a flat spray with measurements close to the nozzle and beam probing along the long dimension of the spray, so that attenuation effects are more profound. It is determined that attenuation of the laser beam along the spray can be as high as 20% and attenuation of the measured intensity signal can exceed 10%. Corrections can be made to address the attenuation effects and in the investigated spray the measurement error exceeds 10% especially at the regions of the spray further along the laser beam, where attenuation is strongest. This highlights the need for accounting for the attenuation effects of the laser beam and scattered light intensity for quantitative spray measurements.

关键词：激光束；测量；喷雾剂；衰减；医药

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Electric vehicles will longitudinally vibrate obviously under acceleration and regenerative braking conditions (because of torsional vibration of the electric vehicle powertrain).This paper includes models of motor rotor,gear reducer and differential assembly,half shafts,tire and body and nonlinear powertrain dynamic model in consideration of gear backlash and frictional characteristics between tire and ground.Real car tests confirm that it is correct under acceleration conditions.Then a two mass-spring damper linear model which is simplified from the nonlinear powertrain dynamic model is proposed to design torsional vibration control algorithm based on state feedback.The simulation results show that the algorithm can actively eliminate torsional vibration.

关键词：汽车；电动汽车；动力系统

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Concussion and post-concussive symptoms are of special concern to the military given the large number of Soldiers returning from combat who have sustained a head injury. This type of injury presents a unique challenge to the military medical community. The objective of this report is to provide an inventory of the fields and key references pertaining to concussion, deficits following concussion, and its impact on the Soldiers. At present, concussion is a key topic area for U.S. Army research and progress is begin made in understanding the injury. However, much work remains to be done in this area and concussion will remain an important topic in the future.

关键词：书目；脑震荡；外伤性脑损伤；健忘症

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The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 mandated the Medicare Durable Medical Equipment, Prosthetics, Orthotics, and Supplies Competitive Bidding Program (the Competitive Bidding Program). The Competitive Bidding Program sets lower payment rates than conventional Medicare payment rates for selected durable medical equipment and supplies (DME items) while ensuring beneficiary access to quality items and services. In previous audits, we identified an estimated $16.5 million that the Illinois and Ohio Medicaid programs could have saved on diabetic test strips if they had obtained pricing similar to the pricing that Medicare obtained through the Competitive Bidding Program or by establishing a manufacturer rebate program. Test strips are just 1 of 339 DME items covered by the Competitive Bidding Program. Because we identified potential savings for test strips in Illinois and Ohio, we conducted this review of 42 selected DME items, including test strips in Minnesota. Our objective was to determine whether the Minnesota Medicaid program could achieve cost savings for the 42 selected DME items by obtaining pricing similar to the pricing that Medicare obtained through the Competitive Bidding Program.

关键词：医疗补助；付款；医疗器械；医疗用品

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In 2011 the Institute of Medicine (IOM) released, Clinical Preventive Services for Women: Closing the Gaps, an extensive report which identified eight key preventive services that would help ensure women's health and well-being. That same year the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) adopted these recommendations in the Women's Preventive Service Guidelines (hereafter referred to as the guidelines). Under the Affordable Care Act, these services are generally covered in new health plans without requiring a co-payment, co-insurance, or deductible (Health Resources and Services Administration, 2012; The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Section 2713). One of the preventive services identified by the IOM and included in the guidelines is screening and counseling for interpersonal and domestic violence. Additionally, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) released a recommendation in January 2013 calling for clinicians to screen women of childbearing age for intimate partner violence (U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, 2013). Given the new policies in support of screening for domestic violence in health care settings, the purpose of this brief is to present the state of practice and research regarding effective screening.

关键词：暴力；保健计划;；医疗服务

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Gene fusions involving ETS family transcription factors (TFs) (mainly ERG and ETV1) have been identified in approximately 50% of prostate cancer cases. To address their roles in prostate cancer, we generated multiple Tmprss2-ETS knockin mouse models. The goal of this project is to identify oncogenic pathways cooperating with ETS fusions using these knockin models. During the second year, we continued our characterization of these knockin models. In addition to our previous observation that Tmprss2-ETS fusions cooperate with Pten-loss, but not with Nkx3.1-loss, to promote development of localized prostate cancer, we found that genes deleted in the interstitial region between Tmprss2 and Erg may cooperate with Pten-loss, or Pten-loss plus ectopic Tmprss2- Erg expression, leading to development of invasive prostate cancer. Furthermore, by focusing on another ETS family TF, ETV6, which is deleted in some prostate cancer cases (including TMPRSS2-ERG fusion positive case), we found that it is also a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. Overall, the work we have performed so far has identified two additional oncogenic pathways induced by loss of genes in the Tmprss2/Erg interstitial region or by loss of ETV6 that may cooperate with Pten-loss or Tmprss2-Erg fusion plus Pten-loss, in leading to aggressive prostate cancer. Future work will focus on identification of tumor suppressor(s) in the interstitial region, oncogenic program driven by ETV6-loss, and identification of any additional Tmprss2-ETS-cooperating oncogenic pathways.

关键词：肿瘤发生；前列腺癌；基因

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PCNA, an essential protein in the DNA synthesis and repair, was shown to be phosphorylated at Y2111 by a nuclear kinase. A consequence of this post-transitional modification has been highly correlated with a reduced survival rate of breast cancer patients. However, no basic of clinical studies have addressed if these inhibitors down-regulate the nuclear function of the protein. The original observations indicated that the EGFR was a major kinase involved in this phosphorylation. Inhibitors of EGFR have exciting potential in treatment but have failed to show clinical efficacy as a mono-therapy treatment option for breast cancer patients. By screening a panel of protein kinase inhibitors in triple negative breast cells for impact on phosphorylation, a direct correlation with EGFR inhibition is not indicated, rather a broader network connecting PCNA modification on chromatin with DNA damage response is implicated. Novel bioconjugates of getfitinib (Iressa) with nuclear targeting peptide-peptoid hybrid sequences have been shown to retain growth inhibitory activity in this context and open avenues for utility in research and new therapies. A new analytical method for enhanced detection of the phosphorylated PCNA isoforms has been shown to be feasible. In addition, by adopting this assay to screen nuclear proteomes of breast tumor cells indicated a more diverse array of PCNA isoforms bearing post-translational modifications opening the door to select specific markers to stage breast cancer patients for molecular therapies.

关键词：乳腺癌；磷酸化蛋白；细胞；脱氧核糖核酸

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Commentary from the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) Scientific Committee 1-19. NCRP was asked to provide a review of health protection and safety issues specifically for the use of active detection technology security systems. It addresses important factors in the design and testing of ADT systems that must be given attention prior to their deployment.

关键词：公共卫生；辐射防护；剂量率；曝光（生理学）

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The long-term goal of our project is to develop a novel neuroprosthetic device to restore the functions of the urinary bladder for SCI people without further damaging the nervous system. Advanced technologies in electrical and computer engineering will be applied to design the novel neuroprosthetic device. Based on our previous studies, we propose in this project to use pudendal nerve stimulation and blockade to restore both continence and micturition after SCI. Our strategy does not require sacral posterior root rhizotomy, preserves the spinal reflex functions of the bowel and sexual organs, and more importantly provides the opportunity for SCI people to benefit from any advance in neural regeneration and repair techniques in the future. During the last year, we have identified problems of our implantable stimulator in awake chronic SCI animals, improved the stimulator design, and tested its functionality in anesthetized animals. These results have laid the foundation for us to further test this implantable stimulator in chronic SCI animals.

关键词：膀胱（尿）；脊髓；创伤和损伤

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