土地补贴和财税补贴是地方政府间横向竞争的工具。我们尝试量化产业政策中土地和财税补贴的规模，并识别哪些地区和行业的税负率更低。土地补贴方面，按照价差计算，2017-2024 年 70 城工业部门获得的土地补贴年均 1.45 万亿，占全国 GDP 的 1.3%左右；财税补贴方面，按照与法定税率的差距来算，2023 年制造业的企业所得税税收优惠约 7300 亿，占 GDP 的 0.56%。结合地区和行业来看，汽车制造业、电气机械、电子设备等行业在中西部省份存在利润率和税负率双低的情况，具体见 2.2.4。近年来，面临房地产市场承压、“反内卷”规范地方政府补贴、消费税改革等三大变革，传统的横向竞争模式正在迎来转变，地方政府将从“逐底竞争”转向“逐顶竞争”。

AI Agent主要分为通用Agent和行业Agent，在游戏、医疗、营销、教育、金融和办公等领域已出现各类专业Agent。AI+游戏：当前AI以提效为主，未来将 涌现出更多AI 原生玩法；AI+医疗：Al技术在大健康领域中的覆盖场景广，政策助推行业智慧化转型；AI+营销：AI营销解决个性化推荐等痛点，内容生成是当下最突出场景；AI教育：政策积极推动生成式AI与教育融合，AI技术与学科类内容具备天然的契合性；AI+金融：金融各领域持续渗透，合规与时效性驱动金融模型边缘化部署与轻量化迭代；AI+办公：文字处理、演示文稿、数据处理和任务管理四大品类是AI办公软件重要组成部分。

2025H1出版行业营收653.5亿元，同比减少8.1%；归母净利润82.0亿元，同比增加14.5%。营收在教辅征订监管趋严、一般图书消费复苏偏弱情况下有所承压。但是，伴随税收优惠政 策落地，行业利润端呈恢复趋势。其中，央企出版集团经营端有所改善；地方国企出版集团经营整体略有波动，但25H1利润端改善明显；民营出版公司业绩分化明显。我们认为，出版市场景气度后续有望在强化新品研发以及渠道转型推动下，逐步回暖。

The apparel market refers to the sector of the retail industry that focuses on the production, distribution, and sale of clothing and related accessories for men, women, and children. The apparel market is characterized by a diverse range of brands, styles, and price points to cater to different consumer preferences and segments. It encompasses both branded and non-branded products, with offerings that vary from high-end luxury fashion to affordable and mass-market clothing.

Global Digital Camera Market Size and Share Analysis - Growth Trends and Forecasts

Payments refer to the transfer of money or monetary value from one party to another, typically in exchange for goods, services, or to settle tasks. The payments sector encompasses a wide range of methods and channels that facilitate financial transactions between individuals, businesses and institutions. It is an essential component of the global economy, ensuring the smooth flow of funds in both domestic and international contexts.

Pet supplements are dietary products specifically designed to support the health and well-being of pets. They contain a variety of ingredients, including vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids, fatty acids, and probiotics, that are meant to complement a pet's regular diet. Supplements are not intended to replace a balanced, nutritious diet but to address specific health concerns or nutritional gaps that might exist.

The global population health management market was sized near USD 79.33 billion in 2023 in terms of value. The global population health management market is witnessing dynamic growth, largely driven by the increasing shift toward value-based care and the integration of digital health technologies. Key market trends include the widespread adoption of data analytics and artificial intelligence tools, enabling healthcare providers to more effectively manage patient populations, predict health risks, and improve outcomes. This is coupled with a growing emphasis on preventive care and chronic disease management, as healthcare systems worldwide aim to reduce costs while enhancing quality of care. Moreover, the increasing focus on patient-centred care, where individuals are empowered to engage in their health management through digital platforms and wearable devices, is contributing to market expansion. The market is also benefiting from government initiatives promoting the use of health data for better resource allocation and improved care coordination.

S&P Global Inc (SPGI) is a provider of financial intelligence solutions in the global capital, commodity, and automotive markets. The company's main activities include offering credit ratings, market intelligence, commodity insights, mobility solutions, and indices. Its major products and services encompass data and analytics platforms, credit and risk solutions, price assessments, and index benchmarks. The company's products and services are utilized by investment managers, corporations, government agencies, and automotive manufacturers, among others. SPGI serves its global customers through both third-party and proprietary distribution channels. The company operates in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Africa, and Asia Pacific. SPGI is headquartered in New York, the US.

Smart polymers are a class of advanced materials that exhibit dynamic properties, enabling them to respond to environmental stimuli such as temperature, light, pH, or other chemical or biological triggers. These polymers are engineered to undergo specific physical or chemical changes in response to these external conditions, making them highly versatile and functional in various applications.