The global healthcare information technology sector has witnessed strong growth in recent years. Digitization and new technological opportunities have played a major role in driving the growth of the sector. Also, the healthcare IT sector includes a broad range of products and solutions, which are widely contributing to the efficiency and effectiveness of the global healthcare infrastructure. Several industry trends that are fueling the demand for products and services across the healthcare IT industry include Artificial Intelligence (AI), telehealth services, individualized medical care, virtual reality, automation, and digitalization.

Automotive lubricants are fluidic substances with the primary function of decreasing friction between surfaces of automotive parts that come into contact. Also, automotive lubricants reduce energy wastage caused by friction and are highly effective in cleaning, cooling, and protecting metal components from corrosion and rust, and many other challenges associated with the engine, equipment, and machinery operations. For example, automotive engine oil used in cars and heavyduty and other vehicles is formulated for specific use in automotive engines. A good quality engine oil is critical for the proper operation of an automotive engine as it prevents damage and extends its service life.

On January 8, 2020, a pathogen of severe unexplained viral pneumonia was identified by sequencing and tentatively named the novel (new) coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV). On February 12, 2020, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses officially named 2019-n CoV as SARS-CoV-2. On the same day, WHO officially named the disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Till now, about 4.18 million cases have been confirmed in 211 countries and territories such as the US and Southeast Asia, including severe and instances of death.

Access Layer: Also called the edge layer, the access switches are connected at the top of the rack and thus can also be defined as top-of-the rack switches. Aggregation Layer: Also called the distributor layer, the aggregation switches are connected to the access switches and provide benefits such as intrusion detection, network analysis, firewall, and others

All substances are toxic above a certain dose. Appropriate doses make the difference between poisons and medicines. According to Paracelsus, no drug is completely safe or effective under all circumstances, but it is moral that the manufacturers involved take appropriate steps to ensure optimal quality, safety, and efficacy. It is legally expected. Regulatory operations serve as a roadmap for the development of prescription drugs, biologics, and medical devices. Regulations focus on harmonization with international regulations, new drug applications, good manufacturing practices, quality system compliance, documentation requirements, clinical trial exceptions, expedited status, advisory board procedures, and other compliance issues.

Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as coronary heart disease (CHD) or simply heart disease, develops when coronary arteries that supply blood, oxygen, and nutrients to the heart become damaged or diseased. Cholesterol-containing deposits (plaque formation) narrow the coronary arteries and decrease the blood flow to the heart, causing CAD. The decreased blood flow to the heart may cause angina and shortness of breath. Complete blockage of blood flow can lead to heart attack and permanent damage to the heart muscles. Furthermore, over time, CAD also weakens the heart muscles, leading to heart failure and abnormal heart rhythms called arrhythmias.

The extraction of nucleic acids is the starting point in any molecular biology study and is thus considered a crucial process. The first crude extraction of DNA was performed by Friedrich Miescher, a Swiss physician, in 1869. He accidentally purified DNA from the nucleus while investigating proteins from leukocytes and found that the substance's property was fundamentally different from proteins and hence coined the term nuclein. DNA can be extracted from diverse sources, such as fineneedle aspirates of body fluids and biopsy samples; dried blood spots, buccal swabs, and fingerprints; soil, plant, and animal tissue forensic samples; and insects, protozoa, bacteria, and yeast.

In recent years, the In Vitro Diagnostic (IVD) industry has rapidly evolved to support different applications such as the screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of chronic and infectious diseases. Currently, a comprehensive array of diagnostic technologies is available on the IVD market, which includes simple lateral flow assays intended for self-testing and complex solutions integrating active devices used by central laboratories. IVD products also include reagents and accessories intended for use with IVD devices to perform diagnostic laboratory tests.

Over the last few years, the global pharmaceutical industry has undergone significant changes. In recent years, the cost of drugs has been increasing rapidly, a majority of which is contributed by funds allocated to research and development. According to a report published by Congressional Budget Office (CBO) in April 2021, titled, ‘Research and Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry,’ the U.S. pharmaceutical industry’s R&D expenditure in 2019 was nearly $83 billion, spanning a range of activities such as drug discovery, conducting clinical tests, and drug innovation, among others. Additionally, the report also states that the budget share allocated by pharmaceutical companies toward research and development has also increased. The following table shows a rough estimate of the annual R&D expenditure of pharmaceutical companies.

Medical lasers have been used in surgical contexts for many decades. In recent years, advances in easy-to-use, compact, and self-contained modules have opened doors for novel or enhanced procedures in ophthalmology, dermatology, dentistry, and neurosurgery to improve patients’ quality of life. Flexible technologies that power and focus on medical lasers have changed the primary purpose of lasers. From being used as a cutting tool, lasers are now used for minimally invasive cleaning and reinvigoration of damaged body areas in the medical field.