为了减少多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)在作物体内的富集,降低食源性PAHs对人类的潜在风险,提高PAHs污染土壤的农用安全性,在受到PAHs污染的麦田中施用类球红细菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroide)菌剂(RS)进行原位修复.以叶面喷施(B)和根部喷施(D)50倍稀释的RS两种方式处理,以喷施等量清水的处理为对照(A),不做任何处理的麦田为空白(CK),从小麦苗期开始处理,到小麦成熟期测定了土壤和小麦籽粒中PAHs含量以及根际土壤微生物群落结构的变化,探讨了施用RS对PAHs污染土壤的强化修复作用.结果表明,施加RS的B区、D区与空白(CK)区相比,标识土壤微生物的磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)种类均有29.6%变异率;土壤PAHs的去除率分别提高了1.59倍和1.68倍;富集因子分别降低了58.9%和62.2%;50穗小麦籽粒的干重分别提高了8.95%和12.5%.RS的施用改变了土壤微生物群落结构,活化了土壤微生物的代谢活性,从而加快了土壤PAHs的降解;同时,RS的施用也降低了PAHs在小麦籽粒的富集量,提高了小麦的产量,显示出RS在提高PAHs污染土壤的农用安全性方面具有应用潜力.

关键词：类球红细菌；微生物菌剂；多环芳烃；污染土壤；原位生物修复

查看摘要 索取原文[7页]

Water purification is the process to remove unwanted chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids, and gases from contaminated water. Purification decreases the concentration of particulate matter, reduces the chance of waterborne diseases, and makes contaminated water fit for drinking. The major segments by product type in the home water purifier market in India are RO water purifier, UV water purifier, and gravity water purifier.

关键词：水净化过程；去除；化学品；生物；污染物；悬浮物；降低水性；疾病；RO 净水器；紫外线净水器；重力净水器

查看摘要 索取原文[56页]

Water treatment chemicals are used to eliminate impurities or suspended substances from contaminated water and make it fit for industrial or domestic uses. These chemicals can be used to purify sea water, ground water, municipal drinking water, as well as industrial waste water. The choice of chemical primarily depends on the cost and the end outcome sought. The scope of usage of these chemicals is continuously expanding on account of increased demand from various end-use industries such as power plants, food and beverages, metal and mining, pulp and paper, oil and gas, and chemical processing. The widely used chemicals in these contexts are biocides, antifoams, coagulants, flocculants, disinfectants, oxidants, scale inhibitors, and pH conditioners.

关键词：水处理化学品；消除杂质；工业；住宅用途；杀生物剂；消泡剂；凝结剂；絮凝剂；消毒剂；氧化剂

查看摘要 索取原文[103页]

Personal protective equipment is the products and accessories used for employee safety purposes during on-site and off-site work. RPE is the type of personal protective equipment used in various commercial and industrial sectors to protect employees from being adversely affected by the various contaminants, aerosolized chemicals, and harmful gases in the breathing air in their workplaces.

关键词：呼吸防护；防护装置；安全卫生

查看摘要 索取原文[84页]

Among the vehicles that run on alternative energy sources, FFVs account for the highest volume and are the most practical in terms of vehicle performance, reliability, and stability. FFVs are designed to run on a blend of gasoline and ethanol (E85). Henry Ford introduced the concept of flexible fuel engines in 1920. However, this idea could be transformed into a practical and feasible technology only by 1990s.

关键词：替代；能源运行车辆；灵活燃料汽车；最实用；车辆性能；稳定性；灵活燃料汽车

查看摘要 索取原文[66页]

Water quality monitoring is critically important in efforts to both limit human exposure to toxic chemicals and to protect ecosystems. This study integrates artificial neural network (ANN) processing with MFC-based biosensing in the detection of three organic pollutants that have relevance to DoD operations: aldicarb, dimethyl-methylphosphonate (DMMP), and bisphenol-A (BPA). Overall, the use of the ANN proved to be more reliable than direct correlations with raw data in the prediction of both chemical concentration and type. The ANN made no errors in the identification and quantification of all chemicals in three concentration ranges. Additionally, chemical mixtures and chemicals dissolved in the standard feed medium were accurately identified by the ANN. Finally, the newly-tested metrics of 10-hour Subsidence Rate (10SR) and First Moment (FrM) proved to be useful in ANN development. This study is the first to incorporate ANN modeling with MFC-based biosensing for the detection and quantification of organic pollutants that are not readily biodegradable. It is also the first to evaluate the utility of 10-hr SR and FM as metrics. Furthermore, this work provides insight into MFC-based biosensing as it pertains to limits of detection and its applicability to scenarios where mixtures of pollutants and unique solvents are involved.

关键词：燃料电池；化学反应；环境检测

查看摘要 索取原文[135页]

Illinois Carbon Monoxide Screen for Intersection Modeling (COSIM) Version 3.0 is a Windows-based computer program currently used by the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) to estimate worst-case carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations near signalized intersections in Illinois. Modeled results from COSIM are based on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) mobile source emission model, MOBILE6.2, and roadway dispersion model, CAL3QHC v 2.0. Emission factor (EF) tables derived from MOBILE6.2 are incorporated directly into COSIM's program coding. Recent regulatory changes in mobile source emissions modeling have prompted IDOT to update the EFs used in COSIM with EFs estimated using EPA's Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) mobile source emission model. This report documents the changes made to COSIM, Version 3.0, that allow IDOT to continue to use COSIM (Version 4.0) to estimate worst-case CO concentrations for proposed roadway projects with signalized intersections in 2013 and beyond.

关键词：大气；空气污染；空气质量检测

查看摘要 索取原文[20页]

The 2010 EPA emissions regulation for NOx is 0.2 g/bhr-hr, and the EPA has started to certify vehicles that can actually meet this regulation. Most manufacturers had initially opted instead to meet a Family Emission Limit (FEL) around 1.2-1.5 g/bhp-hr NOx with most of their vehicle emissions lying between the two standards. Currently the EPA has certified engines with both the Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technologies to meet the strict 0.2 g/bhr-hr NOx standard. While there is only one EGR system that has been certified by the EPA as meeting 2010 emissions regulations (Navistar, Inc.), there are several SCR systems that can meet this requirement (Cummins, Detroit Diesel, Volvo etc.). Moreover the SCR system in addition to meeting emissions regulations can result in a 3 to 5.5% increase in fuel efficiency. The SCR system typically uses a zeolite NOx adsorption catalyst that can selectively adsorb NOx molecules during lean burn operation and convert it to N2 and H2O with the injection of an urea water solution called Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF). It is the technology of choice for emissions control in Europe and several manufacturers have adopted this for the United States. SCR systems require tuning to work properly and systems can be tuned with either preexisting engine performance curves or with NOx/NH3 sensors. The use of NOx/NH3 sensors can provide closed loop control of the SCR system that can optimize the system for improved NOx reduction efficiencies and low NH3 slip. According to a recent review Reliable and accurate NOx sensors will be the key to the management of adsorption catalysts. The optimized use of SCR systems can increase the value for the customer with fuel and DEF savings (including reduced frequency and costs of the dealer servicing of the emissions system consumables) over the life of the vehicle helping defray the added cost of the system.

关键词：大气；废气排放；废气转化处理；大气污染

查看摘要 索取原文[8页]

DOD maintains the evidence is inconclusive regarding whether exposure to burn pit emissions creates a long-term health risk for deployed personnel. Contrary to this position, several military professionals maintain the evidence is clear. An Air Force physician at Balad Air Base concurred with a 2006 memorandum and stated: In my professional opinion, the known carcinogens and respiratory sensitizers released into the atmosphere by the burn pit present both an acute and a chronic health hazard to our troops and the local population. A 2011 memorandum from an Army Officer cited evidence that air quality on Bagram Air Field was 'unhealthy' and concluded that the primary contributor was the burn pit. He also listed potential long-term health risks associated with long-term exposure to air conditions such as those found on Bagram. The 2011 memorandum led to a Congressional inquiry and passage of Public Law 112-260 directing the VA to establish an 'Open Air Burn Pit Registry.' This paper will examine studies on exposure to open-air burn pits, look at the recent legislation and potential ramifications for the VA system, and will conclude with a review of technology that might be implemented to abolish open-air burn pits.

关键词：大气；空气污染；空气健康

查看摘要 索取原文[30页]

No abstract available.

关键词：大气；气体成分；气候变化；空气分析

查看摘要 索取原文[15页]