以废弃烟梗水提取液(Tobacco stem extract,TSE)为唯一基质,采用苏丹黑B染色法从市售鲜葡萄中初筛出12株产油脂酵母菌,进一步结合摇瓶发酵实验复筛出2株在TSE中生长良好且油脂产量较高的酵母菌CC820和CA815。对CC820和CA815的菌落、细胞及生理生化特征进行检测,CC820初步鉴定为假丝酵母(Candida sp),CA815初步鉴定为红酵母(Rhodotorula sp)。在接种量5%、装载量60/250 m L、180 r/min和30℃条件下培养5 d,菌株CC820和CA815油脂产量分别为3.53 g/L和3.29 g/L。

关键词：烟梗；酵母菌；油脂；筛选；鉴定

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为明确大理州植烟土壤有效锌的分布特征、合理调控土壤锌平衡,采集并分析了1 131个土壤样品。结果表明:1大理州植烟土壤有效锌含量平均为3.11 mg/kg,变幅为0.07~72.92 mg/kg,变异系数146.95%,只有少部分烟区土壤缺锌,具体分布在云龙、永平、漾濞、祥云、巍山和宾川6个县;2不同类型植烟土壤有效锌含量依次为紫色土>水稻土>红壤>新积土>黄壤;3不同海拔高度植烟土壤有效锌分布依次为高海拔(>2 100 m)>低海拔(<1 700 m)>中海拔(1 700~2 100 m);4p H在5.0~7.0范围内的土壤有效锌含量较高,比例占总样品数的70.55%;5土壤有效锌含量随土壤有机质含量的增加而提高。

关键词：植烟土壤；有效锌；p H；有机质；海拔

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Li-ion batteries have become common in devices such as laptops, smartphones, notebooks, and tablets because of their high energy density and charge and discharge capability.

关键词：锂电子电池；电子香烟；高能量密度

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Smoking is ubiquitous. Cigarettes are one the most popular methods of tobacco consumption across the world compared to hookahs and vaporizers. Cigarettes first gained popularity in the 1880s with the introduction of cigarette-producing machines and the start of the Crimean War. However, in modern times, cigarettes are available in various sizes, flavors, and colors, which attract both existing smokers and potential smokers.

关键词：吸烟；卷烟；水烟袋；蒸发器；调味剂；颜色

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In 2009, the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act granted FDA, an agency within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), authority to regulate tobacco products such as cigarettes. The act requires that tobacco manufacturers submit information to be reviewed by FDA in order to market new tobacco products and established tobacco user fees to fund FDA's tobacco-related activities. The act represents the first time that FDA has had the authority to regulate tobacco products. Manufacturers have raised concerns about the progress of CTP, the FDA center established by the act to implement its provisions. GAO was asked to examine CTP's review of new tobacco product submissions, responses to meeting requests, and use of funds. This report examines (1) the status of CTP's reviews of new tobacco product submissions; (2) how CTP responded to manufacturers' and other entities' meeting requests, and the length of time CTP took to hold the meetings; and (3) the extent to which FDA has spent its tobacco user fee funds. GAO analyzed data regarding submissions received by FDA as of January 7, 2013; reviewed data on meeting requests, spending plans, and amounts obligated; and interviewed CTP and tobacco industry officials.

关键词：烟草制品；美国FDA；香烟；医药

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为了揭示烟草牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸合成酶(Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase,GGPPS)基因家族的特征和功能,利用生物信息学方法对烟草GGPPS家族进行了全基因组查找、鉴定及相关分析。在普通烟草中共鉴定出9个成员(大亚基7个、小亚基2个),林烟草、绒毛状烟草中分别鉴定出5个成员(大亚基4个、小亚基1个)。GGPPS的开放阅读框长度为999~1119bp,编码332~372个氨基酸,蛋白质分子量为36.2~40.7kD,等电点为5.41~8.32。大亚基和小亚基基因分别含有1个和2个外显子;大亚基与小亚基均具有DD(XX)1-2D和CXXXC保守性基序,但存在一定的差异。在进化过程中,烟草GGPPS家族可能发生了串联重复复制和片断复制;普通烟草GGPPS家族可能发生了基因丢失,NtabGGPPS1-1和NtabGGPPS1-2较其他成员进化速率快,同时可能受到了净化选择。

关键词：普通烟草；林烟草；绒毛状烟草；牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸合成酶(GGPPS)；基因家族；全基因组

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为了准确测定小鼠血液中的N-亚硝基降烟碱(NNN)及其代谢物,通过对色谱、质谱条件的优化,建立了以NNN-d4和HPB-d4为内标,用乙腈沉淀蛋白后,直接经超高效液相色谱(UPLC)仪器的亲水相互作用色谱(HILIC)柱进行分离,通过全扫描/数据依赖二级质谱扫描(FS/ddMS2)测定小鼠血浆中NNN及其7种代谢物的UPLC-QExactive轨道阱高分辨质谱法。结果表明:①NNN及其7种代谢物的检出限为0.019～0.067ng/mL,回收率在78.0%~117.5%之间,日内精密度为0.47%~8.38%。②该方法适合于小鼠血浆中NNN及其7种代谢物的同时检测。

关键词：烟草特有亚硝胺；N-亚硝基降烟碱；小鼠；血液；代谢物；Q Exactive轨道阱高分辨质谱

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为解决片烟加料机出口含水率批次间差异大,造成薄板烘丝机入口含水率不稳定等问题,对片烟加料机进行了改进。为降低循环热风温度波动,减少循环热风中的雾化料液,将固定的抽拉式排潮网改造为由旁链固定的排潮网带,增加了排潮网自清洁装置,并设计了一套雾化料液收集和清洗系统。结果表明,改进后片烟加料机有效降低了加料出口含水率的批次间差异,出口物料含水率稳定,批次间极差由1.47降低到0.46,稳定在±0.5以内;薄板烘丝机入口含水率的批次间极差由1.98降低到0.58,稳定在±0.6以内。改进后有效控制了片烟加料出口含水率,保障了薄板烘丝工序来料烟丝含水率的稳定,提升了卷烟内在品质。

关键词：片烟加料机；含水率；排潮网；料液收集；极差

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为解决YB95A条外透明纸包装机在透明纸展开切割和传送过程中出现透明纸偏移、长度变化等问题,借鉴YB917条外透明纸包装机的透明纸传送原理,通过增加伺服电机、传感器、编码器和电控程序等,将YB95A条外透明纸传送由主传动驱动改为伺服控制的独立传送,将独立传送装置的电控部分融于MICRO II控制系统,控制程序加入到MICRO II控制软件中,通过调整IPC(Industrial Personal Computer)的相关参数对透明纸长度和搭口位置进行调整。结果表明,透明纸传送误差由±2mm降低到±0.5mm,实现了透明纸切割长度、传送位置的自动调整;条烟废品率由20～25条/d减少到0～2条/d,有效提高了卷烟包装品质。改进后YB95A条外透明纸包装机适用于彩膜包装,满足了现代卷烟企业对包装材料多样化的需求。

关键词：条外透明纸；包装机；编码器；伺服电机；MICROⅡ控制系统；传送装置

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为研究卷烟烟气总粒相物(TPM)对人肺腺癌细胞(A549)的氧化损伤,捕集3R4F参比卷烟主流烟气的TPM,对A549细胞进行染毒,采用中性红细胞毒性法测试TPM与A549细胞存活率的剂量-效应关系,检测了细胞内谷胱甘肽(GSH)和细胞外超氧化物歧化酶(EC-SOD)两种氧化应激指标。结果表明:①TPM与A549细胞存活率之间存在良好的剂量-效应关系。②细胞发生氧化应激时,细胞内还原态谷胱甘肽和氧化态谷胱甘肽比值(GSH/GSSG)相对于阴性对照组有显著降低,且不随染毒时间的增加而变化;EC-SOD在染毒4h后没有显著增加,但24h后有显著增加。

关键词：卷烟烟气；总粒相物(TPM)；人肺腺癌细胞(A549)；谷胱甘肽(GSH)；细胞外超氧化物歧化酶(EC-SOD)；氧化应激

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