为明确大理州植烟土壤有效锌的分布特征、合理调控土壤锌平衡,采集并分析了1 131个土壤样品。结果表明:1大理州植烟土壤有效锌含量平均为3.11 mg/kg,变幅为0.07~72.92 mg/kg,变异系数146.95%,只有少部分烟区土壤缺锌,具体分布在云龙、永平、漾濞、祥云、巍山和宾川6个县;2不同类型植烟土壤有效锌含量依次为紫色土>水稻土>红壤>新积土>黄壤;3不同海拔高度植烟土壤有效锌分布依次为高海拔(>2 100 m)>低海拔(<1 700 m)>中海拔(1 700~2 100 m);4p H在5.0~7.0范围内的土壤有效锌含量较高,比例占总样品数的70.55%;5土壤有效锌含量随土壤有机质含量的增加而提高。

关键词：植烟土壤；有效锌；p H；有机质；海拔

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Li-ion batteries have become common in devices such as laptops, smartphones, notebooks, and tablets because of their high energy density and charge and discharge capability.

关键词：锂电子电池；电子香烟；高能量密度

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Smoking is ubiquitous. Cigarettes are one the most popular methods of tobacco consumption across the world compared to hookahs and vaporizers. Cigarettes first gained popularity in the 1880s with the introduction of cigarette-producing machines and the start of the Crimean War. However, in modern times, cigarettes are available in various sizes, flavors, and colors, which attract both existing smokers and potential smokers.

关键词：吸烟；卷烟；水烟袋；蒸发器；调味剂；颜色

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In 2009, the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act granted FDA, an agency within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), authority to regulate tobacco products such as cigarettes. The act requires that tobacco manufacturers submit information to be reviewed by FDA in order to market new tobacco products and established tobacco user fees to fund FDA's tobacco-related activities. The act represents the first time that FDA has had the authority to regulate tobacco products. Manufacturers have raised concerns about the progress of CTP, the FDA center established by the act to implement its provisions. GAO was asked to examine CTP's review of new tobacco product submissions, responses to meeting requests, and use of funds. This report examines (1) the status of CTP's reviews of new tobacco product submissions; (2) how CTP responded to manufacturers' and other entities' meeting requests, and the length of time CTP took to hold the meetings; and (3) the extent to which FDA has spent its tobacco user fee funds. GAO analyzed data regarding submissions received by FDA as of January 7, 2013; reviewed data on meeting requests, spending plans, and amounts obligated; and interviewed CTP and tobacco industry officials.

关键词：烟草制品；美国FDA；香烟；医药

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为了准确测定小鼠血液中的N-亚硝基降烟碱(NNN)及其代谢物,通过对色谱、质谱条件的优化,建立了以NNN-d4和HPB-d4为内标,用乙腈沉淀蛋白后,直接经超高效液相色谱(UPLC)仪器的亲水相互作用色谱(HILIC)柱进行分离,通过全扫描/数据依赖二级质谱扫描(FS/ddMS2)测定小鼠血浆中NNN及其7种代谢物的UPLC-QExactive轨道阱高分辨质谱法。结果表明:①NNN及其7种代谢物的检出限为0.019～0.067ng/mL,回收率在78.0%~117.5%之间,日内精密度为0.47%~8.38%。②该方法适合于小鼠血浆中NNN及其7种代谢物的同时检测。

关键词：烟草特有亚硝胺；N-亚硝基降烟碱；小鼠；血液；代谢物；Q Exactive轨道阱高分辨质谱

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为了揭示烟草牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸合成酶(Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase,GGPPS)基因家族的特征和功能,利用生物信息学方法对烟草GGPPS家族进行了全基因组查找、鉴定及相关分析。在普通烟草中共鉴定出9个成员(大亚基7个、小亚基2个),林烟草、绒毛状烟草中分别鉴定出5个成员(大亚基4个、小亚基1个)。GGPPS的开放阅读框长度为999~1119bp,编码332~372个氨基酸,蛋白质分子量为36.2~40.7kD,等电点为5.41~8.32。大亚基和小亚基基因分别含有1个和2个外显子;大亚基与小亚基均具有DD(XX)1-2D和CXXXC保守性基序,但存在一定的差异。在进化过程中,烟草GGPPS家族可能发生了串联重复复制和片断复制;普通烟草GGPPS家族可能发生了基因丢失,NtabGGPPS1-1和NtabGGPPS1-2较其他成员进化速率快,同时可能受到了净化选择。

关键词：普通烟草；林烟草；绒毛状烟草；牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸合成酶(GGPPS)；基因家族；全基因组

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为了研究基于原烟在线烟碱预测模型的复烤均质化加工效果,将原料分别进行常规加工和均质化加工。构建了原烟在线烟碱模型,利用烟碱模型实时预测原烟烟碱含量,并依据其含量的差异分类堆放,实现均质化加工,借助打叶复烤数据共享平台收集分析结果。结果表明,均质化加工得到的成品烟碱变异系数由常规加工的7.83%下降至2.78%,成品含水率变异系数由3.16%下降至2.35%,成品颜色变异系数由4.09%下降至2.07%,均质化效果明显。

关键词：原烟；在线模型；均质化；多维度分析；变异系数

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为研究卷烟燃烧状态对巴豆醛主流烟气释放量及转移分布的影响,通过改变卷烟纸透气度调控卷烟裂解/蒸馏状态,考察了卷烟样品燃吸时巴豆醛逐口主流烟气释放量、滤嘴截留量、燃烧锥中残留量及其在卷烟不同部位的分布规律。结果表明:①随着抽吸口序的增加,主流烟气中巴豆醛释放量总体上呈上升趋势,但与燃烧锥中巴豆醛残留量无明显相关性;②卷烟逐口燃烧所产生巴豆醛的主流烟气转移率为36%~48%,滤嘴截留率为12%~34%,燃烧锥中残留率为16%~27%,烟丝吸附率低于13%;③卷烟逐口主流烟气中巴豆醛的释放量与卷烟纸透气度无相关性。

关键词：卷烟燃烧状态；逐口抽吸；巴豆醛；转移；分布

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为缩短烤烟育苗周期、提高烟苗素质,在育苗基质中添加了不同用量的烟草专用育苗肥进行对比试验。结果表明:基质中添加520g/m3育苗肥时,烟苗各生长期缩短,育苗周期较对照减少8d。其中,从出苗到小十字期的生长时间缩短最多,为3.38d;成苗期烟苗根系数量最多、质量最大,烟苗农艺性状指标最高,根系活力、叶片叶绿素含量(质量分数)和硝酸还原酶活性也最高。因此,在基质中加入适量(520g/m3)育苗肥可促进烟苗生长,明显缩短烟苗生育期,同时培育出的烟苗根系发达,根系活力强。

关键词：基质；育苗肥；烟苗；生长；生理特性

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为解决片烟加料机出口含水率批次间差异大,造成薄板烘丝机入口含水率不稳定等问题,对片烟加料机进行了改进。为降低循环热风温度波动,减少循环热风中的雾化料液,将固定的抽拉式排潮网改造为由旁链固定的排潮网带,增加了排潮网自清洁装置,并设计了一套雾化料液收集和清洗系统。结果表明,改进后片烟加料机有效降低了加料出口含水率的批次间差异,出口物料含水率稳定,批次间极差由1.47降低到0.46,稳定在±0.5以内;薄板烘丝机入口含水率的批次间极差由1.98降低到0.58,稳定在±0.6以内。改进后有效控制了片烟加料出口含水率,保障了薄板烘丝工序来料烟丝含水率的稳定,提升了卷烟内在品质。

关键词：片烟加料机；含水率；排潮网；料液收集；极差

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