Cryogenics is globally linked to energy generation, storage, and usage. Thermal insulation systems research and development is an enabling part of NASA's technology goals for Space Launch and Exploration. New thermal testing methodologies and materials are being transferred to industry for a wide range of commercial applications.

关键词：高效节能；低温液体；推进剂转移；低温火箭推进剂；低温液体储存

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We show very initial work on a specific bioelectrochemical system (BES), a bacteriologically driven 'fuel cell' (BFS), that is intended to process waste products, such as CO2 and brine. (1) Processing is the priority, not power generation (2) Really a Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC).

关键词：燃料电池；细菌学；微生物

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Sunlight is the most abundant source of potential energy on the planet. If harnessed properly, sunlight could easily exceed current and future electricity demand. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, every hour, enough energy
from the sun reaches Earth to meet the world's energy usage for an entire year. Creating solar power by converting sunlight into electricity would lower emissions from electricity generation and decrease long-term energy costs. As solar power becomes more cost-effective, it has the potential to make up a larger share of growing U.S. energy needs. And as it expands in usage, there will be a growing need for more workers- manufacturing workers to make solar panels, construction workers to build power plants, solar photovoltaic installers to install solar panels, and so on. This article provides information on the process of generating solar power and details various occupations in the solar industry. The first section details a brief history of solar power in the United States, followed by an overview of how solar power is generated, which entities use it, and the technology involved in supplying solar power. The second section provides occupational information highlighting a brief job description of several noteworthy occupations in that are related to solar power; the credentials needed to work in the occupation, such as education, training, certification, or licensure; and wage data. Occupations are listed under relevant occupational categories such as manufacturing, construction, installation, etc.

关键词：太阳能；就业机会；工作职责；太阳能发电

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Wind energy has mushroomed into a mature and booming global green business while generation costs have fallen dramatically. Modern wind turbine technologies have been improved significantly in their power rating, efficiency and reliability. Global wind energy capacity is up to 196.6 GW at the end of 2010. This Chapter covers 1. mathematical models for wind turbines such as wind turbine (WT) with doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) and WT with direct-drive permanent magnet generator (DDPMG); 2. small signal stability analysis and nonlinear control using power electronic back-to-back converters, which are very similar to those of UPFC and VSC HVDC; 3. dynamic equivalent modeling of wind farms; 4. and wind farm interconnection with power grid via VSC HVDC link.

关键词：电力电子技术；风力；控制系统

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This report provides a baseline description of the transmission issues affecting geothermal technologies. The report begins with a comprehensive overview of the grid, how it is planned, how it is used, and how it is paid for. The report then overlays onto this 'big picture' three types of geothermal technologies: conventional hydrothermal systems; emerging technologies such as enhanced engineered geothermal systems (EGS) and geopressured geothermal; and geothermal co-production with existing oil and gas wells. Each category of geothermal technology has its own set of interconnection issues, and these are examined separately for each. The report draws conclusions about each technology's market affinities as defined by factors related to transmission and distribution infrastructure. It finishes with an assessment of selected markets with known geothermal potential, identifying those that offer the best prospects for near-term commercial development and for demonstration projects.

关键词：地热；市场；能量存储；地热技术地热系统；储能；热液系统；天然气；天然气井

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We conducted a vehicle analysis to assess the feasibility of thermoelectric technology for waste heat recovery and conversion to useful electrical power and found that eliminating the 500 W of electrical power generated by the alternator corresponded to about a 7increase in fuel economy (FE) for a small car and about 6for a full size truck. Electric power targets of 300 W were established for city and highway driving cycles for this project. We obtained critical vehicle level information for these driving cycles that enabled a highlevel design and performance analysis of radiator and exhaust gas thermoelectric subsystems for several potential vehicle platforms, and we identified the location and geometric envelopes of the radiator and exhaust gas thermoelectric subsystems. Based on this analysis, we selected the Chevrolet Suburban as the most suitable demonstration vehicle for this project. Our modeling and thermal analysis assessment of a radiator-based thermoelectric generator (TEG), however, revealed severe practical limitations.

关键词：余热回收；热电技术；散热器

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This report documents trends in R and D and in particular (public) energy R and D in the Netherlands. Besides quantitative information on R and D and energy R  and D, the report gives an impression of changes in science and technology policy, energy policy and changes in energy research priorities (both organizational and financial). In the Netherlands, 2.09of GDP (or $6.7 billion)  was invested in R and D activities in 1995. The private sector financed 46of all  R and D in that year. A small but significant fraction (9.3) of the research performed in the Netherlands is financed by foreign public and private sector entities. Energy R and D has been identified by the national Strategic Foresight Activity as an important area of R and D for government support in the future. This is due in part to the overall decline in public support for energy R and D that occurred from 1985 to 1995. However, recent concern over climate change and energy policy has resulted in increased budgets for nergy R and D.

关键词：能源效率；能源政策；荷兰；裂变；天然气；存储；转换；新能源

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The electric power system is a crucial element of any mission for the human exploration of the Martian surface. The bulk of the power generated will be delivered to crew lifesupport systems, extravehicular activity suits, robotic vehicles, and predeployed in situ resource utilization (ISRU) equipment. In one mission scenario, before the crew departs for Mars, the ISRU plant operates for 435 days producing liquefied methane and oxygen for ascent-stage propellants and water for crew life support.

关键词：太阳能发电机;载人火星任务,舱外活动;原位资源利用率;再生燃料电池;燃料电池;FORTRAN;储能;日晒;光伏电池

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This report from the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory includes early fuel cell market composite data products for the third quarter of 2012 for American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) and combined (IAA, DLA, ARRA) deployment projects.

关键词：燃料电池；市场；部署

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The purpose of the project report is to document the manner in which Battelle applied its subject matter expertise, experience, and facilities to complete Task Order 4, Electrical Isolation Test Procedure Development and Verification under the NHTSA Hydrogen Vehicle Fuel System Safety Program. The report describes the discrete steps and results that led to the development and verification of the test procedure and all supporting research.

关键词：燃料电池；氢；程序开发；电动工具

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