To provide efficient public transportation services in areas with high demand variability over time, it may be desirable to switch vehicles between conventional services (with fixed routes and schedules) during peak periods and flexible route service during low demand periods. We call this possibility a variable-type service. In this research project we compare conventional, flexible and variable-type service alternatives optimized for various conditions in order to explore when variable-type bus services might be preferable to pure ones. The optimization models used for purely conventional or flexible services are adapted from previous studies. These models are integrated into a new model for optimizing variable-type bus services. The results of sensitivity analyses show how the demand variability over time and other factors affect the relative effectiveness of conventional, flexible and variable-type bus services.

关键词：电子信息；系统；公共交通；路线整合

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Conventional bus service (with fixed routes and schedules) has lower average cost than flexible bus service (with demand-responsive routes) at high demand densities. At low demand densities flexible bus service has lower average costs and provides user-friendly door-to-door service. Bus size is interrelated with service type since large buses have lower average cost per passenger than small buses at high demand densities, and vice versa. The service type and vehicle size decisions are jointly optimized here for a bus transit system connecting a major terminal to local regions. Bus sizes, conventional route spacing and flexible service area are the decision variables in a proposed algorithm which optimizes a multi-dimensional nonlinear integer optimization problem. Numerical analysis shows how the proposed Variable Mode & Multiple Fleets Operation can reduce total cost compared to a Single Fleet & Single Mode operation. The sensitivity of results to important parameters is explored.

关键词：电子信息；系统；公共交通；路线整合

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This meeting was the fifth in a series of spotlight conferences funded by the university transportation centers (UTC) program of the U.S. Department of Transportations Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA). The UTC program awards grants to universities across the country to advance the state of the art in transportation research, to conduct technology transfer activities, and to educate the next generation of transportation professionals. TRB assembled a planning committee, appointed by the National Research Council (NRC), to help organize and develop the conference program. The planning committee was chaired by Lisa Aultman-Hall of the University of Vermont. Committee members provided expertise in bicycle and pedestrian transportation, transit planning and operations, land use, urban street design, and management of transportation organizations. The planning committee was responsible solely for organizing the conference, identifying speakers, reviewing submitted poster abstracts, and developing topics for the breakout group discussions.

关键词：电子信息；系统；交通；社区

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The report consists of 20 papers that explore patterns of use of transport modes; regional traffic congestion; the detection layout problem; multisensor data integration and fusion; commuters' demographic characteristics; average travel time estimates; short-term travel time prediction; vehicle reidentification and travel time estimation; travel time reliability; route-specific origin-destination tables; travel time data quality; fixed-point and probe-based detection systems; aggregate loop detector data; traffic ground truth estimation; video detection data; annual average daily traffic volume; estimating traffic speeds; travel times; lidar-based vehicle classification; and thermal image video sensors.

关键词：电子信息；系统；交通数据

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This guidebook is a resource for rural and small urban transit agency managers to use in better understanding, predicting, and managing operational costs. Doing so can improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and sustainability of public transit in the community served. The guide is a framework for assessing current transit agency operating costs and tools to predict future costs and is presented in three parts.

关键词：电子信息；系统；公共交通；运营

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This demonstration report describes the data collection, processing and analysis of cued-interrogation data collected with Sky Research's SKY3D vehicular platform at the Pole Mountain Target and Maneuver Area (PMTMA), near Laramie, WY. SKY3D integrates a MetalMapper sensor, real-time-kinematic global positioning system and inertial measurement unit (in the form of the Novatel SPAN) and a custom user interface on a Kubota all-terrain-vehicle. Cued interrogation data were collected by dwelling for 30 seconds over 2,370 anomalies previously identified via a full-coverage geophysical survey of part of the Bisbee Area of PMTMA. The data collection was conducted in the field over a 14 day period in July and August 2011. Production rate was as high as 39 points per survey hour with a maximum of 326 anomalies visited in a day. In this demonstration report we evaluate eight identified performance metrics for the technology including four pertaining to the data collection (reliability/robustness, survey rate, percentage of site covered, MetalMapper sensor position accuracy) and four to the subsequent processing and classification of the collected data (percentage of munitions correctly identified, reduction in false-alarm rate, appropriate specification of stop- dig point and minimization of 'can't analyze' anomalies). Six of the eight performance objectives were easily achieved, while one objective, 90of MetalMapper positions within 30 cm of each Target of Interest (TOI), was missed by 1 cm (90th percentile at 31 cm). The last and only qualitative objective on reliability/robustness was only partially met due to the electrical issues with the orientation sensor on the Novatel SPAN.

关键词：电子信息；系统；车辆运营；数据收集

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2013年前三季度，公路客货运增速继续双双回落。客运方面，小客车出行需求旺盛、高铁、民航客运量持续快速增长等因素分流了部分营业性客运。1～9月，公路行业累计客运量和旅客周转量分别达277.25 亿人和14553.06 亿人公里，同比分别增长5.5%和6.8%，增速较上年同期分别下降2.7个和3.5个百分点。

关键词：公路运输；客运量；货运量；运行分析；问题风险；趋势预测；政策解读；热点研究；上市公司；关键指标

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报告包括2013年11月下半月港口航运行业的政策监管、行业要闻、区域要闻、企业要闻、海外要闻。

关键词：港口航运；政策；要闻

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3 季度，铁路运输业客运量继续快速增长、货运量实现止跌回升。受暑期及国庆黄金周出行需求的拉动，7～9 月，全国铁路客运量5.95 亿人，同比增加0.61 亿人；旅客周转量3038.49 亿人公里，同比增加249.54 亿人公里。由于国内宏观经济形势企稳回暖，以及铁路货运组织改革初见成效，7 月，国家铁路货物发送量一举扭转了上半年同比持续下滑的局面，且8 月、9 月货物发送量呈持续上涨趋势。

关键词：铁路运输；客运量；货运量；趋势预测；政策解读；热点研究；上市公司；关键指标

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报告包括电子商务方面的重要观点、政策与环境、网购平台、行业应用、电商物流、电商金融等研究。

关键词：政策环境；网购平台；电商物流；电商金融

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