Biomedical signals are in general non-linear and non-stationary. Empirical Mode Decomposition in conjunction with Hilbert-Huang Transform provides a fully adaptive and data-driven technique to extract Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). The latter represent a complete set of locally orthogonal basis functions to represent non-linear and non-stationary time series. Large scale biomedical time series necessitate an online analysis which is presented in this contribution. It shortly reviews the technique of EMD and related algorithms, discusses the newly proposed SEMD algorithm and presents some applications to biomedical time series recorded during neuromonitoring.

关键词：生物医学信号；神经监测；生物医学；时间序列

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Neuroanatomy is one of the most challenging sections of anatomy to learn, partially related to the intricate relation of multiple 3D structures. As part of the medical student curriculum, it is usually taught in 2D using illustrations and plastinated brain section, since the number of hours devoted to anatomy have dropped in the curriculum, making the dissection of brain too time-consuming to be done. In this study we are analyzing the role of innate spatial ability of novices in learning some basic structures and placing them back in a 3D volumetric brain. Two tasks are performed after a short training session: the first one is to localize the ventricular tip as would be required during a temporal lobectomy, and the second task requires that the subject 'reconstruct' 3D anatomical structures within the context of our 3D brain model. We report our findings on the performance scores obtained from a population of subjects of differing backgrounds and spatial abilities.

关键词：神经解剖学；生物医学；三维可视化；虚拟现实

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The objective of the present work is to develop a haptic system that will permit the demonstration of a proof of concept for the simulation of haptic effects typical of pediatric spine surgery. The first phase of this project focused on the development of a custom haptic system, and was followed by evaluation with experienced orthopedic surgeons. Initial findings demonstrate promise of this approach for further development into an advanced haptic system.

关键词：触觉模拟器；骨科；脊柱；手术；生物医学

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Nanotechnology is expected to revolutionize many aspects of our lives, in a way traditional science and technology could not deliver. In fact, the current and potential applications of nanotechnology are rapidly growing. These applications cover an extremely broad range of markets and industries including biomedical & cancer treatments, renewable energy, environmental protection, pharmaceuticals, personal care, surface coatings, plastics, textiles, food, building materials, electronics and the automotive industries (see Chapter 1).

关键词：纳米技术；生物医药；癌症治疗；个人护理

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The ability to conveniently and immediately test and diagnose in a diverse and rapidly changing environment is critical for field diagnostics. Smart biomedical sensors employ many different diagnostic/therapeutic methodologies; however, an ideal system would include the ability for results to be shared instantaneously with all members of the team through a software interface. We discuss our efforts towards the development and use of a robust, mobile platform (Android-based smart phone) that incorporates stable molecular recognition elements in sensor development. The inexpensive, compact, robust, archival, and portable design is ideal for rapid field diagnostics.

关键词：诊断（医学）；分子；生物医学

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In addition to the advantages of rapid response, small displaced volume, and high spatial resolution that are common to all nanoscale optical devices, luminescence-based nanosensors can also leverage the intrinsic environmental sensitivity of fluorophores/phosphors and the phenomenon of energy transfer. Their compatibility with standard microscopes and other imaging devices makes them even more attractive for biological and biomedical applications. The reduction in size does, however, also involve some loss of performance, particularly in longevity. In this chapter, the fundamental properties and basic scaling laws of nanoscale fluorescence-based sensors will be discussed, followed by a review of examples of nanosensors and an outlook of the future of these promising devices.

关键词：纳米光学器件；生物医学；纳米传感器；荧光/磷光体

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Solid-State Drives (SSDs) offer significant performance improvements over hard disk drives (HDD) on a number of workloads. The frequency of garbage collection (GC) activity is directly correlated with the pattern, frequency, and volume of write requests, and scheduling of GC is controlled by logic internal to the SSD. SSDs can exhibit significant performance degradations when garbage collection (GC) conflicts with an ongoing I/O request stream. When using SSDs in a RAID array, the lack of coordination of the local GC processes amplifies these performance degradations. No RAID controller or SSD available today has the technology to overcome this limitation. This paper presents Harmonia, a Global Garbage Collection (GGC) mechanism to improve response times and reduce performance variability for a RAID array of SSDs. Our proposal includes a high-level design of SSD-aware RAID controller and GGC-capable SSD devices, as well as algorithms to coordinate the global GC cycles. Our simulations show that this design improves response time and reduces performance variability for a wide variety of enterprise workloads. For bursty, write dominant workloads response time was improved by 69while performance variability was reduced by 71.

关键词：控制器；全球协调；垃圾收集器；固态硬盘阵列

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Objectives The aim of this study was to compare 3D accuracy of tooth image reconstruction from three kinds of CT scans using 3D superimpositional method.Methods 18 sound extracted human teeth were scanned by 3D optical system,spiral CT,micro-CT,and conebeam CT scanner.The digital teeth images reconstructed from three kinds of CT scans were superimposed onto the standard image from optical scans respectively.Distribution patterns of shape discrepancy were presented using histogram,as well as showed in different colors on the superimposed imagines.The ratio of voluminal discrepancy versus the volume of the standard image (RvD/VS) was calculated and analyzed,using the matched-pair t-test and rank sum test.Results Compared with the standard tooth image,the average RVD/VS of digital teeth images by the micro-CT,cone-beam CT,spiral CT scans were 5.11％,20.73％,24.60％ respectively,and there were statistically significant difference among the three kinds of CT scans (P＜0.01).Significant difference were also found among the anterior teeth,bicuspids,and molars (P＜0.01).Histogram gave the description about the counts and magnitude of the discrepancies.Marked by difference colors,the superimposed images could give visualized information about the magnitude and distribution patterns of discrepancies.Conclusions The digital teeth models reconstructed from the spiral CT,micro-CT,cone-beam CT images are inhomogeneous enlarged,compared with the original models.As the only realizable way to individualized FEM analysis,tooth modeling by CT scans needs more efforts and refinements to improve its accuracy.

关键词：有限元法;牙科影像;几何重建;电脑断层扫描;医疗设备

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关键词：控制器；智能灌溉；评价

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65 and over, people with disabilities, and people with permanent kidney disease. CMS administers the Medicare program. Section 1862(a)(1)(A) of the Act requires that, to be paid by Medicare, a service or an item must be reasonable and necessary for the diagnosis or treatment of illness or injury or improve the functioning of a malformed body member. According to the Act, Medicare Part B provides for the coverage of durable medical equipment, prosthetics, orthotics, and supplies (DMEPOS). A lower limb prosthesis is an artificial replacement for any or all parts of a leg; it provides an individual who has an amputated limb with the ability to perform functional tasks, particularly walking, that may not be possible without the device. A prosthesis joins the beneficiarys residual limb at one of several sites, such as the hip, knee, ankle, or foot. For a lower limb prosthesis to be covered by Medicare, the patient is expected to reach or maintain a defined functional level and be motivated to ambulate. Functional levels range from level 0 to level 4 and are indicated on prosthetic claims by modifiers K0 to K4. A K0 functional level modifier identifies a beneficiary who does not have the ability or potential to ambulate or transfer safely with or without assistance, and a prosthesis does not enhance his or her quality of life or mobility. In contrast, a K4 functional level modifier is for a beneficiary who has the ability or potential for prosthetic ambulation that exceeds basic ambulation skills; this level is typical of the prosthetic demands of the child, active adult, or athlete.

关键词：审计；医疗保险B部分；卫生保健费用；医疗设备

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