关键词：纳米光学器件；生物医学；纳米传感器；荧光/磷光体
摘 要：In addition to the advantages of rapid response, small displaced volume, and high spatial resolution that are common to all nanoscale optical devices, luminescence-based nanosensors can also leverage the intrinsic environmental sensitivity of fluorophores/phosphors and the phenomenon of energy transfer. Their compatibility with standard microscopes and other imaging devices makes them even more attractive for biological and biomedical applications. The reduction in size does, however, also involve some loss of performance, particularly in longevity. In this chapter, the fundamental properties and basic scaling laws of nanoscale fluorescence-based sensors will be discussed, followed by a review of examples of nanosensors and an outlook of the future of these promising devices.