Tidal energy, offshore wind energy, and onshore wind energy can be converted to electricity at a central ground location by converting their respective energies into high-pressure hydraulic flows that are transmitted to a system of hydraulic generators by high-pressure pipelines. The high-pressure flows are then efficiently converted to electricity by a central hydraulic power plant, and the low-pressure outlet flow is returned. All gears and submerged electronics are completely eliminated (JPL/Caltech patents granted and pending). The Department of Energy (DOE) is presently supporting a project led by Sunlight Photonics to demonstrate a 15 kW tidal hydraulic power generation system in the laboratory. Sunlight Photonics will issue a separate report on this successful experimental phase. Another portion of this DOE project involves sizing and costing a 15 MW commercial tidal energy plant, which is the subject of this Final Report. For this task, Atlantis Resources Corporation s demonstrated 18-m diameter tidal blades operate in a nominal 2.6 m/sec tidal flow to produce one MW per set of tidal blades. Fifteen blade units are submerged in a deep tidal area, such as Maine s Western Passage. Each set of blades is attached to commercial-offthe-shelf (COTS) Hagglund radial piston pumps, and all pumps are connected to a hig-hpressure (20 MPa, 2900 psi) line that is 35 cm ID. High-pressure HEPG fluid is transported 500 meters to a parallel series of onshore, COTS axial piston hydraulic generators. HEPG is an environmentally-friendly, biodegradable, water-miscible fluid. The total cost of producing energy with this tidal power plant is estimated to be $0.15/kW-hr, which is between the cost of wind energy and solar energy. Hydraulic adaptations to Ocean Renewable Power Company s (ORPC s) cross-flow tidal turbines are also discussed. Costs to convert a submerged ORPC tidal system to a hydraulic device with onshore power generation are about 50 cents per watt, minus the cost of ORPC s expensive submerged generators, which would be entirely removed. Although not originally planned, applications of Hydraulic Energy Transfer (HET) for wind energy have also been added to this report. For wind energy that is onshore or offshore, a gearless, high-efficiency, COTS, radial piston pump can replace each set of troublesome, top-mounted gear-generators for conventional wind turbine systems. Environmentally friendly HEPG fluid is then pumped to a central system of easily serviceable ground generators, which consist of a parallel series of axial piston hydraulic generators. Total hydraulic/electrical efficiency of 81is close to that of conventional wind turbines at full-rated wind speeds. Total HET efficiencies increase at slower speeds, however, while conventional wind turbine efficiencies decrease significantly. In addition, all troublesome gears are eliminated for HET wind and tidal energy systems.

关键词：电力系统；潮汐；风力

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报告以图表的形式对比分析了2013年抽油烟机地区基本市场状况、各主要产品品牌分地区基本市场状况、消费者的人口构成及其分布比例、各主要产品品牌分人口组别基本市场指标、消费者的生活态度、消费者的体育运动和休闲活动等。

关键词：抽油烟机；市场状况

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报告以图表的形式对比分析了2013年电冰箱地区基本市场状况、各主要产品品牌分地区基本市场状况、消费者的人口构成及其分布比例、各主要产品品牌分人口组别基本市场指标、消费者的生活态度、消费者的体育运动和休闲活动等。

关键词：电冰箱；市场状况

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In the future, technology will be hidden in the environment and invisible to the user but, at the same time, responsive and adaptive to user interaction and environmental variations [1]. For example, smart buildings will become aware of the presence of people and of their needs: thanks to this, temperature and light conditions will be adapted automatically for the best comfort and optimal power consumption. The realization of such a vision requires a technology that can sense, process and respond to external stimuli, both human and environmental, coming from many spots of a large environment, such as a room, a house or a whole building. An answer to such needs may come from WSNs. These are networks that consist of a large number of energy-autonomous nodes deployed into the environment to collect physical data.

关键词：传感器；集成

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This chapter has presented the background to power system dynamics, as appropriate for use in a modelling study of a power system. The complexities of the models depend on the type of transient and the system being investigated. Since we are mostly concerned about the frequency control of the power system, more effort has been placed on the active power flow in the system. Generally, the components of the power system that influence the electrical torque include the network state before and after the transient, the loads and their characteristics, the synchronous generator, the speed governor and other supplementary controls such as tie-line power flows.

关键词：电力系统；动态

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Power system simulations involving solution of thousands of stiff differential and algebraic equations (DAE) are extremely computationally intensive and yet crucial for grid security and reliability. Online simulation of minutes to hours for a large number of contingencies requires computational efficiency several orders of magnitude greater than what is todays state-of-the-art. We have developed an optimized simulator for single contingency analysis using efficient numerical algorithms implementation for solving DAE, and scaled it up for large-scale con-tingency analysis using MPI. A prototype parallel high speed extended term simu-lator (HSET) on in-house high performance computing (HPC) resources at Iowa State University (ISU) (namely Cystorm Supercomputer) is being developed. Since the simulation times across contingencies vary considerably, we have focused our efforts towards development of efficient scheduling algorithms through work stealing for maximal resource utilization and minimum overhead to perform faster than real time analysis. This chapter introduces a novel implementation of dynamic load balancing algorithm for dynamic contingency analysis. Results indicate potential for significant improvements over the state-of-the-art methods especially master-slave based load balancing typically used in power system community. Simulations of thousands of contingencies on a large real system were conducted and computational savings and scalability results are reported.

关键词：电力系统；动态

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报告以图表的形式对比分析了2013年燃气热水器地区基本市场状况、各主要产品品牌分地区基本市场状况、消费者的人口构成及其分布比例、各主要产品品牌分人口组别基本市场指标、消费者的生活态度、消费者的体育运动和休闲活动等。

关键词：燃气热水器；市场状况

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A stand alone, mobile photovoltaic power system along with a cable deployment system was designed and constructed to take part in the Desert Research And Technology Studies (RATS) lunar surface human interaction evaluation program at Cinder Lake, Arizona. The power system consisted of a photovoltaic array/battery system. It is capable of providing 1 kW of electrical power. The system outputs were 48 V DC, 110 V AC, and 220 V AC. A cable reel with 200 m of power cable was used to provide power from the trailer to a remote location. The cable reel was installed on a small trailer. The reel was powered to provide low to no tension deployment of the cable. The cable was connected to the 220 V AC output of the power system trailer. The power was then converted back to 110 V AC on the cable deployment trailer for use at the remote site. The Scout lunar rover demonstration vehicle was used to tow the cable trailer and deploy the power cable. This deployment was performed under a number of operational scenarios, manned operation, remote operation and tele-robotically. Once deployed, the cable was used to provide power, from the power system trailer, to run various operational tasks at the remote location.

关键词：电力系统;沙漠之鼠

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The Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator (ASRG) is a next-generation radioisotope-based power system that is currently being developed as an alternative to the Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (MMRTG). Power sources such as these may be needed for proposed missions to solar system planets and bodies that have challenging Planetary Protection (PP) requirements (e.g. Mars, Europa, Enceladus) that may support NASA s search for life, remnants of past life, and the precursors of life. One concern is that the heat from the ASRG could potentially create a region in which liquid water may occur. As advised by the NASA Planetary Protection Officer, when deploying an ASRG to Mars, the current COSPAR/NASA PP policy should be followed for Category IVc mission. Thus, sterilization processing of the ASRG to achieve bioburden reduction would be essential to meet the Planetary Protection requirements. Due to thermal constraints and associated low temperature limits of elements of the ASRG, vapor hydrogen peroxide (VHP) was suggested as a candidate alternative sterilization process to complement dry heat microbial reduction (DHMR) for the assembled ASRG. The following proposed sterilization plan for the ASRG anticipates a mission Category IVc level of cleanliness. This plan provides a scenario in which VHP is used as the final sterilization process. Keywords: Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator (ASRG), Planetary Protection (PP), Vapor hydrogen peroxide (VHP) sterilization.

关键词：电力系统；行星；同位素

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报告以图表的形式对比分析了2013年洗衣机地区基本市场状况、各主要产品品牌分地区基本市场状况、消费者的人口构成及其分布比例、各主要产品品牌分人口组别基本市场指标、消费者的生活态度、消费者的体育运动和休闲活动等。

关键词：洗衣机；市场状况

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