According to data from the USDA, Brazil was the second largest producer and consumer of biofuels in the world during 2021. The country is among the global pioneers in biofuels development and adoption, with the introduction of flex-fuel (dual-fuel ethanol and petrol) vehicles as early as 2003. Moreover, mandatory blending of fossil fuels with biofuels has underpinned the growth of the sector ever since their introduction in the second half of the 2000s decade. Brazil’s massive agricultural sector also plays a key part in the development of the sector, with the country being among the largest producers of raw materials for biofuels, such as sugarcane, soybean, maize and animal fats.

There has been a constant shift in the satellite’s electronic technologies due to the increased demand for small satellites. Extensive research has been conducted on new global information networks and electronic information management systems to provide improved efficiency of the satellite, along with cost and size reduction. The space industry has embraced commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components, which provide efficient radiation shielding without compromising the quality. COTS components are used to reduce costs and the development time of space electronics.

A membrane bioreactor works on an advanced wastewater treatment technology, which integrates membrane separation with biological wastewater treatment. It is a combination of a suspended growth biological treatment method and an activated sludge, including membrane filtration equipment, usually low-pressure ultrafiltration (UF) or microfiltration (MF) membranes. The membranes are used to execute the critical solid-liquid separation function. In activated sludge systems, this is usually achieved using tertiary and secondary clarifiers along with tertiary filtration. The two common types of membrane bioreactor systems are gravity-driven or vacuum and pressure-driven systems. Gravity-driven or vacuum bioreactors are immersed and usually use flat sheet or hollow fiber membranes installed in either the bioreactor or subsequent membrane tank. Pressure-driven systems are in-pipe cartridge systems situated on the exterior of the bioreactor.

According to BIS Research, next-generation oncology devices and solutions comprise devices and software leveraging emerging technologies to aid in the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of various types of cancer. Emerging technologies refer to technologies that are novel, minimally invasive, and are capable of specifically targeting the tumor cells while sparing healthy tissue.

The recent technological advancement in the field of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and cell and molecular biology has given birth to the new era of precision medicine, which offers a platform to analyze the variability in genes, lifestyle, and environment of each person individually. Now, the researchers have found an even better option through cell sequencing, which precedes the advancements of next-generation sequencing. In the past few decades, whole genome sequencing (WGS) and whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS) methods have been applied to single cells to combine DNA, RNA, protein, and chromatin information through a single cell. The transcriptomics technique has enabled researchers to use genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics to understand the heterogeneity of genetically identical cells in the same tissue.

CRISPR is a technology that is used in gene editing enabling researchers and scientists globally to alter DNA sequence and modify gene function with ease. CRISPR gene editing was adopted from the antivirus immunity system of single-celled microorganisms, namely archaea and bacteria. Fragments of alien DNA, known as a spacer, are incorporated and transcribed into guide crRNA (CRISPR RNAs) to specifically target and cleave the genome of the virus and other foreign bodies using Cas proteins. In other words, the CRISPR/Cas9 system directs the Cas9 nuclease to form a site-directed double-strand DNA break using a small RNA molecule that results in permanent alterations of the genomic target sequence and repair the damage caused to DNA. These components, when transferred into more complex organisms, enable gene editing or modifications.