The past century has seen the dominance of fossil fuels as the chief source of energy for the sustenance of the global economic machinery. Among these fuels, crude oil is one commodity that has controlled almost all the aspects of the energy business. Crude oil is defined as a mixture of compounds composed primarily of carbon and hydrogen in varying proportions, with the presence of inorganic compounds, such as nitrogen, sulfur and metals, such as vanadium, mercury. The crude oil, in discussion, is found in specific rock formations, called reservoirs, in the earth's crust. The depth at which these reservoirs occur can vary significantly — from pools that flow up to the surface to almost 15,000 meters underground. The method employed to get to these reservoirs of black gold is through drilling the surface until a pre-defined depth is reached.

An ITG instrument is used to measure the level of liquid inside a storage tank. There are two techniques for measuring the level of liquid – volume-based tank gauging and mass-based tank gauging. ITG instruments are of two types – point level instruments and continuous level instruments. A point level instrument provides the liquid level reading at a specific point, whereas a continuous level instrument provides a continuous reading of the liquid level inside the tank. Based on technology, the ITG is categorized into two segments, namely electronic ITG and mechanical ITG.

The past century has seen the dominance of fossil fuels as the chief source of energy worldwide. The sustenance of the global economic machinery is dependent on these fuels. Crude oil is one such commodity that has controlled almost all the aspects of the energy business. Crude oil can be defined as the mixture of compounds that primarily consists of carbon and hydrogen in varying proportions, along with the presence of inorganic compounds such as nitrogen, sulfur, and metals like vanadium and mercury. Crude oil is found in specific rock formations known as reservoirs in the earth's crust. The depth at which these reservoirs occur can vary significantly from pools, which flow up to the surface to almost 15,000 meters from underground. These reservoirs of black gold are accessed by drilling through the surface till the pre-defined depth is reached.

The global nuclear reactor construction market is expected to grow at a steady pace with support from governments in the form of policies and increase in investments in developing countries to produce electricity from nuclear energy. A nuclear reactor is a device inside which controlled and the self-sustaining nuclear reaction of fissile material takes place. During this process, there is simultaneous release of energy that can be used to generate electricity. The working of a nuclear reactor is a complex process and requires a high level of expertise to operate it. Reactions inside a nuclear reactor are powerful and have radioactive radiations, which could cause a catastrophe if they are not contained well within the reactor. The step-wise process of converting the nuclear energy to electricity is represented below:

为全面贯彻党的十九大精神，落实税收法定原则，提高立法公众参与度，财政部、国家税务总局 20 日就《中华人民共和国资源税法（征求意见稿）》向社会公开征求意见，社会公众可在 2017 年 12 月 20 日前，通过规定的途径和方式提出意见。

全球原油储量分布不均，石油储量主要集中在中东和美洲地区。2016 年全球石油探秘储量增加 150 亿桶，达到 1.7 万亿桶。从储量分布来看，OPEC组织占据了全球 71.6%的石油储量，而非 OPEC 国家石油储量仅占到28.4%。

全球PTA 80%以上产能集中在亚洲，其中中国产能最大，接近全球一半产能。其次，韩国、台湾、印度产能分别占9%、8%、7%。 

The leak detection systems are used to identify leaks in plants, pipelines, and storage facilities in the oil and gas industry. The highly combustible nature of oil and gas products makes them necessary to closely monitor leakage and repair them immediately. These leaks can develop from high pressure, temperature, and corrosion conditions. The presence of hydrogen sulfide and water content in the crude oil and natural gas primarily causes corrosion in the pipelines. The leaks can develop through seal, gaskets, and valves. Both portable and fixed leak detection systems are used throughout the oil and gas industry.>

我们认为石化行业已经经历了 16 年的净利率反弹和 17 年的资产周转率反弹， 18 年的增长将来自于杠杆率提升和产能投放，各方向中我们最看好需求端承接能力较强的大炼化和天然气行业，另外我们也长期看好乙烷裂解行业。

炼油与乙烯均为重资产的投入，规模化与产品协同的要求，未来炼化一体化势必成为趋势。我国的PX对于进口依赖度较高，近年来，国内的化纤巨头正在向上游炼油-PX产业链扩张。