国务院总理李克强4月2日主持召开国务院常务会议，研究扩大小微企业所得税优惠政策实施范围，部署进一步发挥开发性金融对棚户区改造的支持作用，确定深化铁路投融资体制改革、加快铁路建设的政策措施，讨论通过《中华人民共和国航道法(草案)》。

关键词：经济政策；评述

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Tobacco is a highly addictive substance with well-documented health risks. Although great progress has been made in reducing and preventing tobacco use in the United States, the rates of cigarette use and dependence remain high in certain subpopulations, including those with substance use disorders. For example, 2011 data show that an estimated 22 percent of U.S. adults are current cigarette smokers, whereas smoking prevalence rates for those in substance abuse treatment exceeded 70 percent between 2005 and 2009. The negative health effects of tobacco use among alcohol- and drug dependent individuals can be substantial. Individuals in substance abuse treatment smoke more heavily than the general population, and consequently are more likely to suffer from tobacco-related morbidity, including cardiopulmonary problems, emphysema, and cancer, than are smokers in the general population. One study of substance abuse treatment clients found that tobacco use caused more deaths than the alcohol or drug use that brought them to treatment; specifically, the rate of death among tobacco users was nearly 1.5 times the rate of death from other addiction-related causes.

关键词：吸烟；卫生服务；癌症；心肺疾病

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Meningococcal disease describes the spectrum of infections caused by Neisseria meningiditis, including meningitdis, bacteremia, and bacteremic pneumonia. Two quadrivalent meningococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines that provide protection against meningococcal serogroups A, C, W, and Y (MenACWY-D (Menactra, manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur, Inc., Swiftwater, Pennsylvania) and MenACWY-CRM (Menveo, manufactured by Novartis Vaccines, Cambridge, Massachusetts)) are licensed in the United States for use among persons aged 2 through 55 years. MenACWY-D also is licensed for use among infants and toddlers aged 9 through 23 months. Quadrivalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPSV4 (Menommune, manufactured by sanofi pasteur, Inc., Swiftwater, Pennsylvania)) is the only vaccine licensed for use among persons aged > or = 56 years. A bivalent meningococcal polysaccharide protein conjugate vaccine that provides protection against meningococcal serogroups C and Y along with Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) (Hib-MenCY-TT (MenHibrix, manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium)) is licensed for use in children aged 6 weeks through 18 months. This report compiles and summarizes all recommendations from CDCfs Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding prevention and control of meningococcal disease in the United States, specifically the changes in the recommendations published since 2005 (CDC. Prevention and control of meningococcal disease: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 2005;54(No. RR-7)). As a comprehensive summary of previously published recommendations, this report does not contain any new recommendations; it is intended for use by clinicians as a resource. ACIP recommends routine vaccination with a quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY) for adolescents aged 11 or 12 years, with a booster dose at age 16 years. ACIP also recommends routine vaccination for persons at increased risk for meningococcal disease (i.e., persons who have persistent complement component deficiencies, persons who have anatomic or functional asplenia, microbiologists who routinely are exposed to isolates of N. meningitidis, military recruits, and persons who travel to or reside in areas in which meningococcal disease is hyperendemic or epidemic).

关键词：脑膜炎；流行病学；预防；传染病；脑膜炎球菌病

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The Smart Grid is expected to increase the efficiency of the current power grid, to cope with volatile power production based on renewable resources, to reduce the need for fossil-based energy resources, and to guarantee the stability of power supply. To achieve these objectives, today's power grid is enhanced by information and communication technology to increase the information flow and to enable a sophisticated power production and power demand management. However, as the power grid is extended to a network of networks, it does not only become smarter, but also more vulnerable to security threats. This chapter discusses the current status and future developments of the Smart Grid and its challenges. Enhancements in terms of energy efficiency and new energy management approaches are covered as well as novel security challenges in different parts of the Smart Grid architecture. In short, this chapter analyzes some of the most striking risks and threats concerning the new Smart Grid infrastructure and discusses interdependencies between energy efficiency and security in the Smart Grid.

关键词：智能电网；可再生资源；信息流；电力需求管理

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The domain of electromobility extends the topic of the Smart Grid by another large consumer, but also adds storage possibilities. Therefore it is necessary to create a new infrastructure of loading points. The communication is not limited between loading points and the vehicle, but there is also a communication between loading point and the distribution network. Additionally there are many different scenarios possible, whereas the loading point also communicates with EMS/DMS. These chapter addresses the aforementioned points and give further information and possible solutions in terms of communication standards

关键词：智能电网；DMS通信；EMS；电动汽车

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Power Line Communication (PLC) systems provide a bi-directional communication platform capable of delivering data for a variety of Smart Grid applications such as home energy management and intelligent meter reading and control. One benefit of applying power line communication on power grid is that it provides an infrastructure that is much more comprehensive and widespread than other wired/wireless alternatives. Power line cables are a shared medium, therefore multiple PLC devices operate on the same frequency over the same power line may interfere with each other, thus reducing the effectiveness of these devices. This publication introduces the coexistence mechanism for the IEEE and ITU-T BB-PLC standards, and provides implementation guidelines for PLC devices to be used for smart grid applications.

关键词：智能电网；宽带；通信网络；数据传输系统；

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According to CDC data, racial and ethnic minorities in the United States--particularly Blacks/African-Americans and Hispanics/Latinos--have been disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS, representing 72 percent of new HIV infections and 74 percent of all AIDS diagnoses in 2011. In addition to core funding programs through CDC and HRSA that are intended to provide services to all qualifying individuals affected by HIV/AIDS, MAI seeks to improve HIV-related health outcomes and reduce health disparities for minority communities through the provision of grant funds. MAI grants are distributed to a variety of entities. The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Treatment Extension Act of 2009 required GAO to (1) examine the services provided, population served, and administrative challenges faced by MAI grantees, and (2) describe the best practices identified by grantees and other stakeholders for community outreach and capacity building. GAO conducted a review of services reported in fiscal year 2011 MAI grantee annual reports from a generalizable sample of 100 grantees, and interviewed agency officials and other stakeholders. GAO also reviewed grant administrative requirements, and data on MAI grant amounts and populations served.

关键词：医药；人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）；获得性免疫缺陷综合症（艾滋病）；行政程序；

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综述了中低温下高电导率CeO2基电解质材料研究的最新进展,重点评述了双掺杂和纳米复相提升CeQ基电解质材料电导率和抑制电子电导的机理,并指出了未来CeO2基电解质材料的发展方向.

关键词：CeO2基电解质;双掺杂;复相电解质;电子电导

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阐述了国内外热固性及热塑性树脂/石墨导电复合材料制备方法的研究现状,以及石墨类型、制备工艺等因素对复合材料导电性能的影响,并对其发展前景进行了展望.

关键词：石墨;导电复合材料;树脂;graphite;conductive composite;resin

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船体结构、冷却器、管路和螺旋桨是战舰、潜艇的重要组成部分.综述了合金材料在国内外高性能知名舰船关键部位中的使用情况,指出美国依托高纯净冶金和控冷控轧技术的HSLA微合金高强钢代表了当前舰艇壳体和甲板用钢的最高水平,多数国家的舰船结构用钢仍然以HY-80和HY-100钢为主.此外,俄罗斯的舰船用钛和德国的高强低磁钢的应用水平居国际领先,而美国和俄罗斯在铝合金舰船结构的应用技术上较其他国家更为先进.当前用量最大的舰船冷凝管用合金是铁白铜,而钛不仅更加适于建造舰艇冷凝器,还是制造管路和螺旋桨的优秀材料.轻质、高强和低成本是当今各类舰船选材的重要依据.

关键词：舰船;合金;船体结构;冷却器;管路;螺旋桨

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