关键词：汽车行业；政策环境；综述

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关键词：汽车产业；中长期；发展规划

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关键词：战略转型；营销模式；奇瑞汽车；发展方向

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关键词：电动汽车；政策；新阶段

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关键词：汽车；反垄断；政策法规；展望

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On February 18, 2014, President Obama directed the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to develop a second round of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and fuel economy standards for medium- and heavy-duty trucks. The standards, which will affect trucks beginning with the 2019 model year, are to be proposed by March 2015 and finalized a year later. The standards will be the fourth set of GHG emission standards for mobile sources.

关键词：汽车；清洁空气法案（CAA）；气候；环境保护署

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The risk of motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) associated with on-the-job operation of motor vehicles or exposure to road traffic hazards affects millions of workers in the United States, and this risk cuts across all industries and occupations. MVCs are consistently the leading cause of worker fatalities, affecting workers who drive all types of motor vehicles during their work day . passenger cars, heavy trucks, fire apparatus, and many others. A wide variety of interventions may be applied to prevent work-related MVCs: administrative controls such as seat belt policies, distracted-driving policies, pre-trip vehicle checks, driver training, reduced travel, and fatigue management; and engineering controls such as more crashworthy vehicles, advanced driver assistance systems, or active safety systems. Questions remain as to which are the most effective interventions to protect workers from risks of work-related MVCs. Through strategic planning, research, collaborations with stakeholders, and communication of research results and prevention, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is working to ensure that recommended solutions to prevent work-related MVCs and resulting injuries are based on sound research and are clearly communicated to employers and workers. The NIOSH Center for Motor Vehicle Safety (CMVS) is the focal point for activities within the Institute that address this pressing occupational safety problem. The CMVS was designated in December 2010 to strengthen and sustain the Institute's research and prevention activities to reduce work-related motor vehicle crashes and resulting injuries. It is a 'virtual' Center through which researchers from across the Institute and external partners from government, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), academia, labor, and industry bring complementary expertise to identify crash risk factors, develop and evaluate workplace interventions to prevent crashes, and communicate the results to employers and other stakeholders. The NIOSH CMVS is guided by the vision that: All workers who are exposed to hazards of motor vehicle traffic while working have the highest possible levels of protection from the risk of motor vehicle crashes and resulting injuries. The primary purpose of the 5-year strategic plan for the NIOSH CMVS is to define the priority areas for research and prevention initiatives through 2018.

关键词：战略计划；交通安全；工作场所

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关键词：汽车；所有权；汽车所有权政策；效果评价

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2013年4季度，汽车行业政策变化主要有三个方面：首先，为推进节能减排，促进大气污染治理，继续引导和鼓励汽车生产企业加大节能技术研发投入，降低燃料消耗水平，10月1日，我国再次提高节能汽车的补贴门槛。第二，随着汽车保有量的迅速增长，老旧汽车对交通安全、环境污染及资源利用等影响日益突出，为了鼓励老旧汽车报废更新，我国从1996年开始每年拨出专项资金补贴老旧汽车报废更新。2013年10月24日，财政部、商务部公布了2013年老旧汽车报废更新补贴车辆范围及补贴标准。第三，财政部、科技部、工业和信息化部、发展改革委近期组织专家，对各地申报的新能源汽车推广应用方案进行了审核评估，确认了28个城市及区域为第一批新能源汽车推广应用地区，财政部网站11月26日公布了这批城市的名单。

关键词：汽车；节能减排；汽车报废；补贴

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我国自2010年开始启动节能汽车推广工作，并开始对符合要求的小排量节能型乘用车进行消费补贴，在补贴政策的支持下，我国节能汽车推广工作取得了良好的效果。为推进节能减排，促进大气污染治理，继续引导和鼓励汽车生产企业加大节能技术研发投入，降低燃料消耗水平，2013年10月1日，我国再次提高节能汽车的补贴门槛。新补贴政策的出台，短期内将影响小排量乘用车的市场销售，对其市场占有率形成下行压力。但从长远来看，补贴门槛的提高将有利于汽车企业积极开展技术升级、调整完善产品结构，对未来我国汽车产业的发展将起到重要的作用。

关键词：节能汽车；节能补贴；政策；技术升级

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