A piping spool is a fabricated component of the piping system. Pipe spools can be connected with use of bolts, and flanges. Pipe spools are generally made by using components such as flanges, pipe, fittings, and others. Pipe spools are fabricated from number of connections of valves, flanges, and elbows. The global piping system and piping spools market is segmented on the basis of material, end-user, and region. On the basis of material, it is classified into stainless steel, carbon steel, alloy steel, and others. On the basis of end-user, the market is divided into power plants, petroleum refineries, offshore & marine, chemical & fertilizers, and others. The market is analyzed across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and LAMEA to understand their regional trends. This report highlights drivers, restraints, opportunities, and growth strategies adopted by key players to understand the dynamics and potential of the market. The study includes Porter’s five forces analysis of the industry to determine the impact of suppliers, competitors, new entrants, substitutes, and buyers on the market growth.

事件：7 月 31 日，国家统计局发布：6 月中国制造业 PMI 为 50.9%，前值 51.0%；非制造业商务活动指数 53.5%，前值 55.2%。

Solid-state transformer (SST) is an advanced power converter that offers bi-directional power flow, which makes use of power electronic components. These transformers are also known as solid-state transformers, such as universal power electronics, intelligent universal transformer, energy control center, and power electronics traction transformer. However, the most common term used to refer SSTs is smart transformers. The concept of solid-state technology has been getting attention in the recent years as a direct result of advances in power electronics, smart grids, and growth in application sectors such as renewable energy generation.

A three-wheeler is a three-wheeled vehicle propelled by petrol/CNG, diesel, or electric motor. Three-wheelers are generally used as a commercial vehicle to transport passenger and goods. Three-wheeler mobility depends on the maneuverability, affordability, and door-to-door transport. As many developing countries specially in Asia-Pacific and LAMEA require faster and significantly cheaper option for public and goods transport, threewheeler suites the requirement best. The three-wheeler market is driven by factors such as increase in demand for commercial vehicle with lower operating cost, last mile connectivity, and growth in preference for electric vehicle as a commercial vehicle. However, increase in fuel prices, higher upfront cost of electric three-wheeler battery, and lack of charging infrastructure are some of the potential factors that hamper the market growth.

Tower cranes are mostly fixed and offer heavy lifting and handling operations on very high heights. These cranes constitute of a vertical mast and an operating jib or arm, along with other components including, a counter jib, an operating cabin, slewing unit, hoist winch, and a hook, which assists in lifting and maneuvering heavy materials and goods efficiently. The report on the global tower crane market presents a detailed analysis of the trends, future estimations, and thorough study of the market on the basis of type, lifting capacity, end-user industry, and region.

Ultrasonic flowmeters use ultrasonic waves to measure flow rate of fluids. The calculation is done from frequency shift of a transmitted ultrasonic signal that has travelled through the process fluid. The working principle of ultrasonic flowmeters is based on Doppler effect or Transit-time type. Although both these technologies are based on ultrasonic signals, there are major differences in the way the signal is transmitted and received. This difference makes them ideal for a wide range of fluids such as liquids, gases, and steam.

The dynamic cleaning equipment industry has witnessed a paradigm shift over the years in terms of trends and challenges across the globe. The cleaning industry is constantly evolving with micro and macro-environmental factors. It is also externally shaped based on the equipment and technology available in the market. With considerable upgrades in business models and operation techniques, the market will witness further traction supported by stringent protocols and corporate policies. The global cleaning equipment market was valued at approximately $26.01 billion in 2019. The professional cleaning equipment market was $8.69 billion, and that for the consumer cleaning equipment market approximately $17.32 billion in 2019. Highpressure washers accounted for a 10.39% share of the global cleaning equipment market in 2019. Accordingly, the pressure washers that form an integral component of the cleaning equipment industry are expected to grow 1.29 times during the forecast period. For battery-powered pressure washers, the contract cleaning market is expected to shape the growth during the next five years.

The target drones are unmanned vehicles that could be either airborne, marine, or ground. They are used to test and develop military systems, train military personnel on threat identification, and target elimination exercises on piloted combat systems, anti-aircraft systems, among others. These target drones offer cost-effective solutions for the militaries to test their weapons, sensor systems, early warning technologies, and combat training. Thus, several companies are investing heavily in developing innovative products that are highly reliable and efficient. A basic model of target drone might be a remotely piloted model aircraft that receives commands and instructions through a radio. However, the latest target drones are equipped with several payloads, each having a specific characteristic required for a particular mission.

Luxury watches are considered to be exclusive items and wearing them signifies status symbol for men and women. The retail price of luxury watches is $1,200 and more. Watches, which are labeled as luxury, have some most common attributes such as rarity, limited availability, exclusivity, social distinction, communication of status, high prices, exceptional quality, and relativity. Pocket watches, handmade & industrially produced watches, watch parts & bands, artisanal, and small-scale production unaffiliated with the companies profiled in the competitive landscape are excluded from this study.

PESTEL analysis helps in understanding the impacts of macroeconomic indicators over the market. Shifts in the macro-environment factors can have direct impact on Microfocus X-Ray Sources market. The macro-environment factors can impact the PESTEL that shape strategy and competitive landscape.