Turning organic waste into resources like bio-fuels and other valuable products, in addition to recovering stable carbon and nutrients, promotes economic vitality and aides in the protection of the environment. This creates robust markets and sustainable jobs in multiple sectors of the economy and facilitates closed-loop material management where a by-product from one process becomes feedstock for another with no or minimal waste generated. The objective of this review is to describe existing technologies to create clean, non-polluting pyrolysis units for the production of energy, fuels and valuable by-products. The Department of Ecology and Washington State University provide this publication to help the public understand and take advantage of existing technologies to handle and pre-treat biomass resources that will be converted via fast or slow pyrolysis into liquid transportation fuels, bio-chemicals and biochar. Another goal of this project is to identify what new technologies need to be developed or what hurdles need to be overcome to convert organic waste resources available in Washington State into valuable products. This review does not represent an endorsement of the processes described and does not intend to exclude any technology or company offering similar services which, due to time and space limitations, was not cited in this report.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；生物质能；液体燃料；生物燃料；热解

查看摘要 索取原文[75页]

关键词：新能源与高效节能；生物质能；液体燃料；合成气；焦油重整

查看摘要 索取原文[358页]

Within this project, Eaton undertook the task of bringing about significant impact with respect to sustainability. One of the major goals for the Department of Energy is to achieve energy savings with a corresponding reduction in carbon foot print. The use of a coupled induction heat treatment with high magnetic field heat treatment makes possible not only improved performance alloys, but with faster processing times and lower processing energy, as well. With this technology, substitution of lower cost alloys for more exotic alloys became a possibility; microstructure could be tailored for improved magnetic properties or wear resistance or mechanical performance, as needed.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；磁性；能源效率；热处理

查看摘要 索取原文[53页]

The building sector consumes a large part of the energy used in the United States and is responsible for nearly 40of greenhouse gas emissions. It is therefore economically and environmentally important to reduce the building energy consumption to realize massive energy savings. In this paper, a method to control room temperature in buildings is proposed. The approach is based on a distributed parameter model represented by a three dimensional (3D) heat equation in a room with heater/cooler located at ceiling. The latter is resolved using finite element methods, and results in a model for room temperature with thousands of states. The latter is not amenable to control design. A reduced order model of only few states is then derived using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). A Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) is computed based on the reduced model, and applied to the full order model to control room temperature.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；能源消耗；控制系统；温度控制

查看摘要 索取原文[6页]

报告从主要发电企业集团动态、电力产业环境、国内电网动态、电力设备行业信息、港台电力行业信息、国际动态等几个方面进行了分析评论。

关键词：电力；集团动态；产业环境；电网动态；行业信息；国际动态

查看摘要 索取原文[68页]

Cellulosic and woody biomass can be directly converted to hydrocarbon gasoline and diesel blending components through the use of integrated hydropyrolysis plus hydroconversion (IH2). The IH2 gasoline and diesel blending components are fully compatible with petroleum based gasoline and diesel, contain less than 1oxygen and have less than 1 total acid number (TAN). The IH2 gasoline is high quality and very close to a drop in fuel. The DOE funding enabled rapid development of the IH2 technology from initial proof-of-principle experiments through continuous testing in a 50 kg/day pilot plant. As part of this project, engineering work on IH2 has also been completed to design a 1 ton/day demonstration unit and a commercial-scale 2000 ton/day IH2 unit. These studies show when using IH2 technology, biomass can be converted directly to transportation quality fuel blending components for the same capital cost required for pyrolysis alone, and a fraction of the cost of pyrolysis plus upgrading of pyrolysis oil. Technoeconomic work for IH2 and lifecycle analysis (LCA) work has also been completed as part of this DOE study and shows IH2 technology can convert biomass to gasoline and diesel blending components for less than $2.00/gallon with greater than 90reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. As a result of the work completed in this DOE project, a joint development agreement was reached with CRI Catalyst Company to license the IH2 technology.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；生物质能；柴油燃料；加氢转化

查看摘要 索取原文[128页]

The current preferred method of making unitized aluminum aircraft structure is to machine it from a solid plate of material. This approach can be very wasteful in terms of material and energy, as much of the starting material is usually removed to create the final required part geometry. Nearer-net starting product forms, such as die forgings, require special dies, which have high costs, long lead times, and limited lifetimes. The forging process generally results in significant residual stresses in forgings, which can lead to production issues related to distortion when material is removed via machining to final part geometries. What is needed are ways to make tailored, near-net shape machining blanks, without expensive dies, and low residual stresses. A major objective of this project was to identify the energy benefits of combining a variety of solid state joining techniques, which are geometry independent, in order to produce high performance aluminum structures, while enabling the achievement of manufacturing benefits of lower-cost, faster cycle-time, and highly efficient joined structural assemblies. A further objective was to produce an energy consumption prediction model, which was capable of calculating the total energy consumption, solid waste burden, acidification potential, and CO2 burden in producing a starting product form, and then calculating the further energy consumption and environmental impacts of fabricating a final part configuration from the starting configuration. Yet another objective was to be able to utilize the model to compute and compare, on an individual part/geometry basis, multiple possible manufacturing pathways, to identify the best balance of energy consumption, environmental impact, and costs. Finally, another project goal was to help enable Solid State Joining (SSJ) technologies become better characterized, better utilized, and considered as mainstream processes, especially replacing/supplanting the energy intensive arc-welding/ fusion processes of joining such as gas-tungsten arc welding.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；复合材料；能源效率；加工制造

查看摘要 索取原文[89页]

报告从行业环境、太阳能、风能、生物质能、新能源汽车等几个方面进行了分析及评论。

关键词：行业环境；太阳能；风能；生物质能；新能源汽车

查看摘要 索取原文[81页]

报告从主要发电企业集团动态、电力产业环境、国内电网动态、电力设备行业信息、港台电力行业信息、国际动态等几个方面进行了分析评论。

关键词：电力；集团动态；产业环境；电网动态；行业信息；国际动态

查看摘要 索取原文[67页]

1～2月，石油天然气开采业投资同比增速有所放缓，受制于资源供给局限等因素，我国原油产量继续缓慢增长；随着天然气消费的增长，天然气产量实现平稳增长；受季节性因素影响，原油和天然气进口在1月大幅上涨后有所回落；世界原油市场供需面总体宽松，但受乌克兰紧张局势等因素影响，国际油价出现反弹。展望未来，油气产业链有望向社会资本开放，油气行业垄断的一体化经营模式正被打破；石油天然气行业将延续平稳态势，原油产量仍将缓慢增长，管道建设稳步推进，天然气继续快速增长；地缘政治形势可能有所缓解，美联储缩减QE规模将使包括原油在内的大宗商品价格增长乏力，国际原油价格总体将呈稳中趋降态势。

关键词：石油；天然气；原油

查看摘要 索取原文[10页]