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所属行业:电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业

  • 15001.美国铁路高效节能分析

    [电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2014-05-12]

    The purpose of this study is to provide information about railroad fuel efficiency that may be useful in evaluating transportation energy policies and assessing the sustainability of potential projects. The specific objectives are to (1) develop railroad energy efficiency models that describe differences in fuel economy among classes of trains and commodities; (2) apply these models to a wide range of movements to estimate fuel efficiency ratings for coal, grain, iron ore, food products, and other key commodities; (3) develop comparable procedures for estimating truck and waterway fuel consumption; and (4) compare rail, truck, and waterway energy efficiencies. The focus on railroads in this study is appropriate, because many of the alternatives to highway investment involve railroad transportation or multimodal options.
    关键词:新能源与高效节能;能源效率;铁路油耗;铁路能源研究
  • 15002.新型生物质能聚合物的合成,表征及应用

    [电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2014-05-12]

    A wide range of polymers were prepared from biomass-derivatives, using different polymerization mechanisms. Well-defined, fully hydroxy-functional polyesters based on aliphatic diols were synthesized, using either conventional metal-based catalysts or the organic superbase 1,5,7-triazabicyclododecene (TBD). Unsaturated polyesters were also made, offering additional functionality to these biobased resins. Metal-catalyzed or enzymatic ring-opening polymerization of macrolactones afford novel, renewable materials with good mechanical properties similar to those of polyethylene. In addition to polyesters, aliphatic polycarbonates based on 1,4:3,6-dianhydrohexitols (DAH) were prepared, which proved very suitable for application in thermosetting coating systems. Polyamides from sebacic acid, 1,4-diaminobutane and diaminoisoidide are very interesting polymers, in which the diaminoisoidide residues cocrystallize in the polyamide 4.10 matrix. Another type of polymers studied were the polyurethanes. Thermoplastic polyurethanes and polyureas from biomass can be effectively synthesized through either isocyanate-based or isocyanate-free strategies. Also, poly(ester/carbonate urethane) networks from renewable polymer resins are very promising systems for coating applications. The chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of the mentioned biobased polymers could be tuned by varying the molecular structure, the composition, the end-group functionality and the molecular weight.
    关键词:新能源与高效节能;生物质能;聚合物;可再生材料
  • 15003.高级耐磨纳米复合材料用于提高能源效率

    [电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2014-05-12]

    This report summarizes the work performed by an Ames-led project team under a 4-year DOE-ITP sponsored project titled, 'Advanced Wear-resistant Nanocomposites for Increased Energy Efficiency.' The Report serves as the project deliverable for the CPS agreement number 15015. The purpose of this project was to develop and commercialize a family of lightweight, bulk composite materials that are highly resistant to degradation by erosive and abrasive wear. These materials, based on AlMgB(sub 14), are projected to save over 30 TBtu of energy per year when fully implemented in industrial applications, with the associated environmental benefits of eliminating the burning of 1.5 M tons/yr of coal and averting the release of 4.2 M tons/yr of CO(sub 2) into the air. This program targeted applications in the mining, drilling, machining, and dry erosion applications as key platforms for initial commercialization, which includes some of the most severe wear conditions in industry. Production-scale manufacturing of this technology has begun through a start-up company, NewTech Ceramics (NTC). This project included providing technical support to NTC in order to facilitate cost-effective mass production of the wear-resistant boride components. Resolution of issues related to processing scale-up, reduction in energy intensity during processing, and improving the quality and performance of the composites, without adding to the cost of processing were among the primary technical focus areas of this program. Compositional refinements were also investigated in order to achieve the maximum wear resistance. In addition, synthesis of large-scale, single-phase AlMgB(sub 14) powder was conducted for use as PVD sputtering targets for nanocoating applications.
    关键词:新能源与高效节能;能源效率;纳米复合材料;加工制造
  • 15004.短期测试结果:多户家庭高效节能改造

    [电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2014-05-12]

    Multifamily deep energy retrofits (DERs) on relatively common building types are valuable research efforts for the U.S. Department of Energy's Building America Program. Such buildings represent great potential for energy savings, while providing valuable research-generated efficiency measures, cost-effectiveness metrics, and risk factor strategies to the multifamily housing industry. The Bay Ridge project comprises a base scope retrofit with a goal of achieving >30savings (relative to pre-retrofit), and a DER scope with a goal of 50savings (relative to pre-retrofit). The base scope was applied to the entire complex, except for one 12-unit building that underwent the DER scope. The design and construction phase of the Bay Ridge project is now complete, and this report summarizes the commissioning, short-term testing, and analysis that occurred before, during, and just after the actual retrofit. Findings from the implementation, commissioning, and short-term testing include air infiltration reductions of >60in the DER building; a savings to investment ratio of >1 from the hybrid heat pump system (relative to a high efficiency furnace), which also gives the resident an added incentive for energy savings; and duct leakage reductions of >60resulting from using an aerosolized duct sealing approach. Despite being a moderate rehab instead of a gut rehab, the Bay Ridge DER is currently projected to achieve energy savings .50compared to pre-retrofit levels, and the short-term testing supports this estimate. Long-term monitoring throughout 2012 will evaluate actual performance.
    关键词:新能源与高效节能;能源效率;能源节约;节能改造
  • 15005.原位占用高效节能改造在气候区4节省30%的能源

    [电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2014-05-12]

    Energy efficiency retrofits (EERs) face many challenges on the path to scalability. Limited budgets, limited accessibility of envelope penetrations, cost effectiveness, and risk factors impact the type and the extent of measures that can be implemented feasibly to achieve energy savings goals. Group home retrofits can face additional challenges to those encountered in single-family homes, such as reduced access (occupant-in-place restrictions) and lack of incentives for occupant behavioral change. Building owners, operators, and other groups need to have a firm grasp on the feasibility and cost effectiveness of EERs to group homes. These stakeholders also need guidance regarding common risk factors and the potential impact on energy retrofit measures in addition to the impact of occupant behavior on building energy use. This is particularly the case for older buildings. This project studies the specification, implementation, and energy savings from an EER in a group home, with an energy savings goal of 30. This final report chronicles the retrofit measures specified, their cost effectiveness based on pre-retrofit and post-retrofit utility bill analysis, and the test results that were used to characterize pre-retrofit and post-retrofit conditions.
    关键词:新能源与高效节能;能源效率;能源节约;能源消耗
  • 15006.俄罗斯市场的建筑高效节能分析

    [电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2014-05-12]

    This report provides analysis of the Russian energy efficiency market for the building sector from the perspective of U.S. businesses interested in exporting relevant technologies, products and experience to Russia. We aim to help U.S. energy efficiency and environmental technologies businesses to better understand the Russian building market to plan their market strategy.
    关键词:新能源与高效节能;能源效率;建筑;技术
  • 15007.西北高效节能住房制造项目规范发展

    [电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2014-05-08]

    The Building America Partnership for Improved Residential Construction, the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), and Northwest Energy Works, the current Northwest Energy Efficient Manufactured Housing Program (NEEM) administrator, collaborated to conduct research on new specifications that would improve on the energy requirements of a NEEM home. The team also evaluated energy savings that would result from the new specifications. In its role as administrator, NEEM administers the technical specs, performs research and engineering analysis, implements ongoing construction quality management procedures, and maintains a central database with home tracking. For this project, researchers asked three questions: 1) Which measures could be built into a NEEM home to achieve a 50reduction in space conditioning, lighting, and water heating energy use, compared with usage levels resulting from the current specifications. 2) What are the challenges in building a high performance manufactured home (HPMH). 3) What are the modeled energy savings of an HPMH.
    关键词:新能源与高效节能;节能建设;空调系统;照明系统
  • 15008.汽油和柴油的生物质生产使用集成加氢热解的长期处理

    [电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2014-05-08]

    Cellulosic and woody biomass can be directly converted to hydrocarbon gasoline and diesel blending components through the use of a new, economical, technology named integrated hydropyrolysis plus hydroconversion (IH2). The IH2 gasoline and diesel blending components are fully compatible with petroleum based gasoline and diesel, contain less than 1% oxygen and have less than 1 total acid number (TAN). The IH2 gasoline is high quality and very close to a drop in fuel. The life cycle analysis (LCA) shows that the use of the IH2 process to convert wood to gasoline and diesel results in a greater than 90% reduction in greenhouse gas emission compared to that found with fossil derived fuels. The technoeconomic analysis showed the conversion of wood using the IH2 process can produce gasoline and diesel at less than $2.00/gallon.
    关键词:新能源与高效节能;生物质能;柴油燃料;化石燃料
  • 15009.两个高效节能住宅的比较——年度报告

    [电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2014-05-08]

    Beginning in 2008, two pairs of energy-saver houses were built at Wolf Creek in Oak Ridge, TN. These houses were designed to maximize energy efficiency using new ultra-high-efficiency components emerging from ORNLs Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) partners and others. The first two houses contain 3713 square feet of conditioned area and are designated as WC1 and WC2; the second pair consists of 2721 square feet conditioned area with crawlspace foundation and theyre called WC3 and WC4. This report documents the annual energy performance of WC3 and WC4, and how they compare against a builder standard house (BSH) of a similar footprint. WC3 and WC4 are both designed to be about 55-60more efficient than traditional new construction. Each house showcases a different envelope system: WC3 is built with advanced framing featuring cellulose insulation partially mixed with phase change materials (PCM); and WC4 has cladding composed of an exterior insulation and finish system (EIFS). The two houses are also equipped with ENERGY STAR rated appliances, or high-efficiency products for categories that are not yet ENERGY STAR certified. WC3 and WC4 are both on crawlspaces with the designs intended to provide a definitive comparison of a vented crawlspace to an insulated and sealed crawlspace in a mixed humid climate. The builder standard house is a computer model based on a builder house, one of three houses, built at the Campbell Creek subdivision in Knoxville, TN. The Campbell Creek research project supported the retrofit residential housing goals of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and the U.S. Department of Energy (Christian et al., 2010). The builder house is representative of a standard, IECC 2006 code-certified, all-electric house built around 20052008. This report presents data collected from WC3 and WC4 from December 1, 2010 to November 30, 2011. The outcome of this research program will contribute to efforts by Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) to meet their strategic goals of deferring 1,400 MW of additional capacity and reducing growth in energy consumption by 4.3 million MWh per year by 2012, and in the longer term, to transform how homes are built and retrofitted.
    关键词:新能源与高效节能;房屋建筑;电力评价;能源效率
  • 15010.来源于生物质合成气的生物燃料的纳米催化剂合成发展

    [电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2014-05-08]

    The potential silica nanospring (NS) supported cobalt catalyst (Co/SiO2-NS) for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) was investigated, and the results were compared with those of a conventional silica gel supported cobalt catalyst (Co/SiO2-gel). Co/SiO2-gel and Co/SiO2-NS catalysts were prepared using the incipient wetness impregnation method and a thermal assisted reduction process, respectively, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy/ energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 physisorption, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and H2-temperature programed reduction (H2-TPR). The catalysts were evaluated for their conversion of syngas to products in a quartz fix-bed micro-reactor (230 DGC, atm pressure). The FTS products were trapped and characterized by GC-MS to determine conversion efficiency. The products (alkanes) for both catalysts ranged from C1 to C21 and would be a suitable substrate for diesel. The results show that the NS approach for a FTS catalyst support shows promise for generating fuels from syngas. Future work will focus on optimizing Co/SiO2-NS catalyst for improved conversion efficiencies.
    关键词:新能源与高效节能;生物质能;纳米催化剂;生物燃料
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