Fiber-optic sensors can be used to measure a wide range of physical parameters, such as strain, temperature, pressure and other quantities by recording the changes in light intensity, phase, polarization or wavelength caused by these parameters in the fiber1-6. Compared to their electronic counterparts, fiber-optic sensors can provide numerous advantages. They are electromagnetically passive and immune to electromagnetic interference, which make them suitable for operation in environments with high and variable electric field 3. They are made from silica glass so they are chemically and biologically inert. Also, the small size of optical fibers, generally on the order of hundreds of micrometers in diameter, makes the fiber-optic sensors physically small and light in weight. They can also perform distributed measurement, in which the measurand can be determined as a function of position along the length of a fiber or at a number of pre-selected locations of the fiber.

关键词：传感器；干涉仪；光纤；有限元分析；纤维增强复合材料；信噪比；薄膜；薄银膜

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The long-term goals of this project are to enable observations of pH in the ocean at depths to 2000 m using sensors deployed on autonomous platforms, particularly profiling floats of the type used in the Argo array. These systems will enable robust, basin-scale observations of changing pH driven by natural and anthropogenic processes. Develop a robust and stable pH sensor for deep-sea applications that is based on the Honeywell Durafet Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor (ISFET). The sensor should operate to depths of at least 2000 m. It should have a precision of 0.001 pH and a stability of 0.005 pH over periods up to 5 years throughout the oceanic temperature and salinity range. Capabilities will be demonstrated with deployments on four Webb Research Apex profiling floats.

关键词：传感器；深海；场效应晶体管；高压；探测器；离子；原型；时间序列分析；离子敏场效应晶体管（离子敏场效应晶体管）；pH值（潜在氢）；pH传感器；海洋酸化；热（夏威夷海洋时间序列）

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An accurate calibration of an electric-field sensor is difficult to carry out due to challenges involved in generating a uniform electric field over the sensor volume. Additionally, capacitive coupling between the field source and the sensors and related instrumentation tends to distort the measured field further. Sensor characterization includes not only calibration, but also determination of the frequency response (both magnitude and phase), noise power spectral density, dynamic range, and linearity. In this paper, we discuss characterization techniques for an unpackaged microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) electric field sensor in a vacuum chamber. The use of oppositely charged square plates at a spacing of half the plate width is advised by the IEEE 1308-1994 standard for generation of a uniform electric field. Previously, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has shown that by employing guard tubes in the construction of an electric field generating chamber, the fringing fields can be controlled, and the spacing between the endplates can be increased while maintaining a uniform field. A similar, smaller apparatus for generating a uniform axial electric field was constructed to fit into a vacuum bell jar. The considerations and techniques for minimizing error due to fringing and distortion from metal conductors will be presented, along with the techniques and laboratory equipment used for characterizing the sensor.

关键词：传感器；电气领域；探测器；微机电系统；真空

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SRI International, in collaboration with Professor Jing Shih of the University of California-Riverside (UCR), Professor Nathan Newman of Arizona State University (ASU), and Professor Edmond Nowak of the University of Delaware (UD), has been funded (from June 2009 through September 2012) through ONR Contract (N00014-09-C-0292) to fabricate a magnetic sensor with a half-metallic ferromagnet (FM) contact and polymers and demonstrate its sensing capability. In this study we considered La0.7Sr0..3MnO3 (LSMO) and CoFe50Al25Si25 (CFAS) alloys for half-metallic FM contacts and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT ) and poly- 3(hexylthiophene) (P3HT) for polymers. Room temperature operation of this ultrasensitive device requires half-metallic ferromagnetic contacts with high Curie temperature (Tc), ultra-lowmobility polymer with very high doping density, nano-scale trenches, successful charge and spin injection into polymers from FM half-metal contacts, and spin precession in polymers. The FM films for vertical and lateral devices were grown at UCR and ASU, respectively. Most device fabrication was carried out at SRI, while magnetic and noise measurements were performed at ASU and UD.

关键词：传感器；磁探测器

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Both the public sector and the military are working on developing drowsiness detection systems, as driver fatigue is a significant contributor to motor vehicle accidents. Individually, electroencephalography (EEG) and eye- tracking measures are tenuous indicators of driver fatigue and impairment. This project proposes to integrate multiple sensor modalities in order to improve drowsiness level assessment and driver performance prediction. There is substantial evidence supporting the correlation of alpha bursts in EEG (narrowband alpha power density increases lasting 500 ms to several seconds) and eye-tracking measures, such as pupil diameter and gaze distribution, with drowsiness. As a step towards multi-sensory data fusion, we aim to implement in real time an optimized version of an existing algorithm for the automatic detection of alpha bursts using a single EEG channel and ascertain correlations between alpha bursts, eye-tracking measures, and behavioral indicators of fatigue that include standard deviation of both lane position and acceleration. The ability to reliably detect alpha bursts in real-time combined with established correlations will allow an algorithm to accurately predict driver performance in a simulation environment.

关键词：传感器；机动车交通事故；算法；数据融合；脑电图；多传感器

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Unmanned ground and air vehicles (UGVs and UAVs) embody a critical capability of future U.S. Army systems and will be used for force projection and as force multipliers. They are expected to operate in a semiautonomous fashion, in which an operator will lay out a mission plan for the vehicle to execute with little or no operator interaction; the operator s function will be to monitor the progress of the unmanned systems. If the situational demands exceed the capabilities of the vehicle, the operator will need to intervene to complete the mission by either changing the mission plan or by assuming direct control of the vehicle by teleoperation until the vehicle can resume semiautonomous operation.

关键词：控制器，机器人；控制系统；任务；运营商（人员）；遥控车

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Crystal oscillators are electronic circuits that generate electrical signals with precise frequencies. To generate these electrical signals, they make use of a vibrating crystal made of piezoelectric material. The frequency generated is used to keep constant track of time and provide a timely clock signal for electronic integrated circuits. This frequency is also used to stabilize frequencies for radio transmitters and receivers. Crystal oscillators find their application in a large number of devices such as cell phones (smartphones and feature phones), tablet computers, wristwatches,clocks, FM radios, medical electronic equipment, automotive systems (tyre pressure monitoring systems and anti-braking systems), and personal computers.

关键词：晶体振荡器；电子电路；电信号；精确频率；电子集成电路

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We report the development of a broadband electric field sensor array technology to detect radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic energy. An approach based on planar electro-optical resonators is considered. We have developed sensors based on electro-optic polymers and sensors based on a hybrid material system consisting of silicon and lithium niobate. Test and measurement of fabricated sensors based on disperse red one electro-optic polymers yielded a sensitivity of 95 Volts per meter per root Hertz in a footprint of 170 micrometers by 270 micrometers. The sensor based on hybrid silicon and lithium niobate was both more sensitive and more miniature. The demonstrated sensitivity was 4.5 Volts per meter per root Hertz and the footprint was 40 micrometers by 40 micrometers. We conclude that electro-optical resonators based on a hybrid material system of silicon and lithium niobate is a promising technology for broadband electric field sensor arrays. The results of this research program advance the state-of-the-art in electric field sensors with a host of applications including electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) measurements, high-frequency electronic circuit diagnostics, medical equipment field monitoring, radio-frequency reception, and high power microwave detection.

关键词：传感器，宽带；电域；射频；电路；探测器；电磁兼容性；电子光学；高频；高功率；混合动力系统；锂铌酸盐；聚合物；谐振器；灵敏度；硅

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Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) result from exposure to high accelerations and are a serious threat to Soldiers in close contact with improvised explosive devices as well as sports players who are frequently involved in collisions. To improve TBI detection, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has developed a sensor small enough to be mounted in the ear. The sensor consists of an array of 3-axis microelectromechanical system (MEMS) acceleration threshold switches with different sensitivities that move to contacts under acceleration and complete a circuit. Previously, the outputs, which were voltage levels, required an analog-to-digital converter, but the implementation of the mechanism introduced a delay of 100 microsecs samples. This delay has caused the loss of data from switch closures that last less than 100 microsecs, so the sensor was redesigned with digital outputs, and a new program was developed. Clocked signals were used to simulate sensor data, and tests showed improved delays of 3 microsecs to 10 microsecs.

关键词：传感器；微机电系统；外伤性脑损伤；加速度；模拟数字转换器

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Environmental conditions, cyclic loading, and aging contribute to structural wear and degradation, and thus potentially catastrophic events. The challenge of health monitoring technology is to determine incipient changes accurately and efficiently.

关键词：传感器；健康监测系统；系统辨识；算法；空气动力学；飞行试验；飞行安全

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