关键词：头戴式显示器；设备；计算机；显示图像；医学可视化

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Many state departments of transportation have been collecting various traffic data through the Automatic Traffic Recorder (ATR) and Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) systems as outlined in the Traffic Monitoring Guide (TMG) published by USDOT. A pooled fund study led by MnDOT was conducted in 2002 to determine traffic data editing procedures. It is challenging to identify potential problems associated with the collected data and ensure data quality. The WIM system itself presents difficulty in obtaining accurate data due to sensor characteristics, complex vehicle dynamics, and the pavement changes surrounding the sensor over time. To overcome these limitations, calibration procedures and other monitoring activities are essential to data reliability and accuracy. Current practice of WIM calibration procedures varies from organization to organization. This project aims to understand the characteristics of WIM measurements, identify different WIM operational modes, and develop mixture models for each operation period. Several statistical data analysis methodologies were explored to detect measurement drifts and support sensor calibration. A mixture modeling technique using Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm and cumulative sum (CUSUM) methodologies were explored for data quality assurance. An adjusting CUSUM methodology was used to detect data anomaly. The results indicated that the adjusting CUSUM methodology was able to detect the sensor drifts. The CUSUM curves can trigger a potential drifting alert to the WIM manager. Further investigation was performed to compare the CUSUM deviation and the calibration adjustment. However, the analysis results did not indicate any relationship between the computed CUSUM deviation and the calibration adjustment.

关键词：传感器；交通规划；验证；称重；校准；数据质量；统计质量；质量控制

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We compared classification capabilities for handheld electromagnetic sensors that were deployed using either a grid-based template for spatial registration or an IMU-based positioning system. Demonstration data were collected at the Aberdeen Proving Ground using both systems. The two data sets were analyzed separately and submitted to the Institute for Defense Analyses for grading. The IMU-based positioning system involved in this demonstration is known as the Small Area Inertial Navigation and Tracking (SAINT) system. It was developed by ENSCO as part of an earlier ESTCP project and enhanced and integrated with the EM61HH sensor in support of this effort. The SAINT system consists of a Honeywell HG1900 IMU and a LEICA DMC. The Honeywell HG1900 IMU consists of orthogonally aligned MEMS accelerometers and gyroscopes that record 3-axis acceleration and rotation rates, respectively enclosed in an 8-cubic inch container. The LEICA DMC is employed to aid the IMU and constrain heading drift. The digital magnetic compass measures the strength and direction of a magnetic field and can be used to determine magnetic north in an environment free of additional magnetic fields. SAINT records all IMU and digital magnetic compass data onto an internal compact flash card.

关键词：传感器；探测器；惯性测量单元；分类；歧视；电磁感应；手；惯性导航；ESTCP（环境安全技术认证计划）；ESTCP收藏

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The response of anisotropic pigment particle suspensions to externally applied electric fields has been explored for possible application in reflective display technologies. Three different types of pigment particle were suspended in dodecane using a polymeric stabiliser and showed Schlieren textures between crossed polarisers at high concentrations (>25-30 wt%), indicating the formation of colloidal nematic phases. Orientational order parameters were determined by X-ray scattering and the influence of polydispersity on the values is discussed. X-ray scattering measurements also demonstrated a change in the structure factor consistent with the onset of a colloidal nematic phase. In addition, the pigment particles were dispersed into various liquid crystal hosts at low concentrations (<5 wt%) with and without the presence of mesogenic mimic stabilisers. However, the influence of these stabilisers on orientational ordering could not be confirmed. The electro-induced ordering determined via scattering was related to the electro-optical response of each suspension using a simple model. The particles in nematic hosts showed a high degree of orientational ordering at lower electric field strengths but also showed a reduction in stability. Although these systems have shown strong orientational ordering, the optical response has been limited by the intrinsic shape of the pigment particles and the distribution of the transition dipoles moments within them. Nevertheless, the feasibility of developing materials for display applications has been demonstrated.

关键词：各向异性颜料纳米粒子；胶体；液晶；X射线散射；电场对齐

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Currently in the United States, periodic sensor recalibration is required for all safety-related sensors, typically occurring at every refueling outage, and it has emerged as a critical path item for shortening outage duration in some plants. Online monitoring can be employed to identify those sensors that require calibration, allowing for calibration of only those sensors that need it. International application of calibration monitoring has shown that sensors may operate for longer periods within calibration tolerances. This issue is expected to also be important as the United States looks to the next generation of reactor designs (such as small modular reactors and advanced concepts), given the anticipated longer refueling cycles, proposed advanced sensors, and digital instrumentation and control systems. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) accepted the general concept of online monitoring for sensor calibration monitoring in 2000, but no U.S. plants have been granted the necessary license amendment to apply it. This report presents a state-of-the-art assessment of online calibration monitoring in the nuclear power industry, including sensors, calibration practice, and online monitoring algorithms. This assessment identifies key research needs and gaps that prohibit integration of the NRC-approved online calibration monitoring system in the U.S. nuclear industry. Several needs are identified, including an understanding of the impacts of sensor degradation on measurements for both conventional and emerging sensors; the quantification of uncertainty in online calibration assessment; determination of calibration acceptance criteria and quantification of the effect of acceptance criteria variability on system performance; and assessment of the feasibility of using virtual sensor estimates to replace identified faulty sensors in order to extend operation to the next convenient maintenance opportunity.

关键词：传感器；核电站；校准；算法；探测器；监测；网络系统；中断；反应堆装置；安全性研究的需要

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An electric current sensor based on Faraday rotation effect in optical fiber was developedfor measuring aircraft lightning current. Compared to traditional sensors, the design hasmany advantages including the ability to measure total current and to conform to structuregeometries. The sensor is also small, light weight, non-conducting, safe from interference,and free of hysteresis and saturation. Potential applications include characterization oflightning current waveforms, parameters and paths, and providing environmental data foraircraft certifications. In an optical fiber as the sensing medium, light polarization rotateswhen exposed to a magnetic field in the direction of light propagation. By forming closedfiber loops around a conductor and applying Ampere’s law, measuring the total lightrotation yields the enclosed current. A reflective polarimetric scheme is used, wherepolarization change is measured after the polarized light travels round-trip through the sensing fiber. The sensor system was evaluated measuring rocket-triggered lightning overthe 2011 summer. Early results compared very well against a reference current shuntresistor, demonstrating the sensor’s accuracy and feasibility in a lightning environment.While later comparisons show gradually increasing amplitude deviations for anundetermined cause, the overall waveforms still compared very well.

关键词：传感器；光纤传感器

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The objective of this project, was therefore, to develop a prototype sensor technology, membrane-extraction (ME)-IMS, that could be used in situ or ex situ, to characterize the extent of groundwater plumes, conduct compliance monitoring around waste facilities or at the leading edge of a plume, and monitor remedial actions. The IMS instrument could also be used to monitor CHC in the vapor phase.

关键词：传感器；地下水；离子；监测；校准；氯代烃；污染物；动态范围；气相色谱；原位分析；敏感性；光谱法；废水处理；我（膜萃取）；IMS（离子迁移谱）；DMS（微分迁移率谱

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The Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle is a new spacecraft being designed by NASA and Lockheed Martin for future crewed exploration missions. The Vision Navigation Sensor is a Flash LIDAR that will be the primary relative navigation sensor for this vehicle. To obtain a better understanding of this sensor's performance, the Orion relative navigation team has performed both flight tests and ground tests. This paper summarizes and compares the performance results from the STS-134 flight test, called the Sensor Test for Orion RelNav Risk Mitigation (STORRM) Development Test Objective, and the ground tests at the Space Operations Simulation Center.

关键词：传感器；宇航员探险飞行器；飞行试验；导航仪器；仿真视觉；国际空间站；光学雷达；反射器；航天器对接

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Traditional assembly line manufacturing is speculative, costly and environmentally unsustainable. It is speculative because it commits substantial resources—energy, materials, shipping, handling, stocking and displaying—without a guaranteed sale. It is costly because each of these resources—material, process, people and place—involves expense not encountered when a product is manufactured at the time of sale. It is environmentally unsustainable because, no matter how much recycling is done, not using the resources unless actually needed is always a better path. Three-dimensional printing is currently of great commercial interest as it can be employed to manufacture parts on-demand economically and without the significant cost & environmental downsides, i.e. inventory and waste, associated with traditional manufacturing processes. Herein, we describe the formulation of a novel water-based material which can be used in a traditional 3D printer extrusion process to create optically transparent glass-based objects. Such objects have a wide range of applications including, but not wholly limited to: security printing using color & coating effects, protective films and coatings, electronic codes readable by smartphones, tablets or touch screens. Additional all glass objects traditionally manufactured by the so called kiln glass method can be generated by this type of 3D printing making it interesting for the high end market of art objects.

关键词：胶体；挤压；3D打印

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Argon is a flight-ready sensor suite with two visual cameras, a flash LIDAR, an on- board flight computer, and associated electronics. Argon was designed to provide sensing capabilities for relative navigation during proximity, rendezvous, and docking operations between spacecraft. A rigorous ground test campaign assessed the performance capability of the Argon navigation suite to measure the relative pose of high-fidelity satellite mock-ups during a variety of simulated rendezvous and proximity maneuvers facilitated by robot manipulators in a variety of lighting conditions representative of the orbital environment. A brief description of the Argon suite and test setup are given as well as an analysis of the performance of the system in simulated proximity and rendezvous operations.

关键词：传感器；计算机；飞行控制；导航仪器；航天器

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