To help control the growth of hospital spending, give hospitals an incentive to provide care efficiently, and ensure beneficiary access, Congress created the IPPS in 1983. Yet, Congress can enhance Medicare payments to certain hospitals by changing the qualifying criteria for IPPS payment categories, creating and extending exceptions to IPPS rules, or by exempting certain types of hospitals from the IPPS. The Institute of Medicine and the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission have stated that such practices undermine the integrity of the IPPS. GAO was asked to review legislation that altered payments to certain hospitals. In this report, GAO (1) identified provisions of law that enhanced Medicare payments for only a subset of hospitals and (2) examined the extent to which hospitals qualified for adjustments to the IPPS or exemptions from the IPPS in 2012. To conduct this work, GAO reviewed provisions enacted from 1997 to 2012 to identify those that adjusted payments to a subset of IPPS hospitals or exempted hospitals from the IPPS. GAO analyzed data to learn the number, location, and size of hospitals affected by these provisions and budgetary estimates for the first year of implementation, where available. GAO also analyzed 2012 data on 4,783 general hospitals to determine the number and types of adjustments they received, the extent to which they qualified for multiple adjustments, and the number exempted from the IPPS. The Department of Health and Human Services reviewed a draft of this report, and provided technical comments, which we incorporated as appropriate.

关键词：医疗费用;医院;实施;住院病人潜在的支付系统(绿皮书);立法;医疗保险;修改;付款

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Municipal solid waste management generally refers to the management of solid waste from residential societies, streets, public places, commercial buildings, hospitals, and other institutions. Management of these types of waste is mainly the responsibility of municipal and other governmental authorities. Municipal solid waste management is one of the major problems being faced worldwide. Municipal solid waste is a part of the larger universe of waste and mostly includes the waste collected under the formal municipal programs. Proper and efficient management of municipal solid waste can contribute to the mitigation of many problems related to pollution, climatic changes, and public health.

关键词：城市固体废物；管理；缓解有关污染；气候变化；公众健康

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报告包含2011-2013年中国医疗行业发展分析、2011-2013年农村医疗行业分析、2011-2013年农村医疗体制发展分析、2011-2013年新型农村合作医疗发发展、2011-2013年农村商业医疗保险的发展、2011-2014年主要区域农村医疗行业分析、2011-2013年农村医疗市场的发展、2011-2013年农村医疗机构的建设、农村医疗行业投资及前景分析。

关键词：移动医疗；农村医疗；农村医疗；医疗保障制度；农村合作医疗；医疗保险；农村医药市场；医疗机构

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Infection prevention and control is the most important and significant step in the development and maintenance of products in the Medical Devices, Pharmaceuticals, and Food industries. Sterilization and disinfection are essential components of infection prevention and control procedures. They protect products and materials from microbes. Sterilization and disinfection can be done using various products and equipment such as autoclaves and disinfectants. The Global Infection Prevention and Control market is growing with the increased adoption of contract sterilization and in-house sterilization procedures in hospitals and industries.

关键词：感染；预防；控制；维护产品；医疗器械；杀菌消毒

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This report covers the present scenario and the growth prospects of the Global Animal Health market for the period 2014-2018. To calculate the market size, the report considers revenue generated through the sales of various healthcare products intended to be used in animals.

关键词：动物健康；防止；治疗；提高兽医服务；生活质量

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Ostomy refers to a surgically made opening (stoma) in the body for the excretion of waste products such as stools, mucus, and urine from the intestines or urinary bladder externally.

关键词：造口术；体内外科手术；开口；废物排泄

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Obesity has a multifactorial etiology. Although obesity is widespread and associated with serious health hazards, its effective prevention and treatment have been challenging. Among the currently available treatment approaches, lifestyle modification to induce a negative energy balance holds a particularly larger appeal due to its wider reach and relative safety. However, long-term compliance with dietary modifications to reduce energy intake is not effective for the majority. The role of many individual nutrients, foods, and food groups in inducing satiety has been extensively studied. Based on this evidence, we have developed sample weight-loss meal plans that include multiple satiating foods, which may collectively augment the satiating properties of a meal. Compared to a typical American diet, these meal plans are considerably lower in energy density and probably more satiating. A diet that exploits the satiating properties of multiple foods may help increase long-term dietary compliance and consequentially enhance weight loss.

关键词：肥胖；饮食调整；能量密度；饱腹感

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Health and wellness foods are specially formulated to provide health or functional benefit s to consumers or to address a health concern or disease. The health and wellness food category is distinct from, but related to, other product categories such as functional foods, conditionspecific nutrition supplements, medical foods, and the FDA-defined categories of foods for special dietary use.

关键词：健康；保健食品；专门制定；提供；健康；功能

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社会办医的政策渐趋阳光化。股权合作模式多地试行，但政策仍不确定。自建民营高端医院，做好长期投资准备。医疗服务业处于政策甜蜜期。

关键词：社会办医；政策；阳光化；股权合作模式；医疗服务业

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医疗治疗类设备和医院系统集成领域的行业领导企业。县级医院建设前景看好。“医疗平台模式”带动业务快速发展。

关键词：医疗治疗类；设备；医院系统集成；医疗平台模式

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