The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has stated that the warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observed increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level. In the coming decades, it is expected that these changes will result in regional climate impacts, including, but not limited to, permafrost thawing, increased tropical cyclone intensity, shifting tropical storm tracks, and an increase in the frequency of heat waves and heavy precipitation. As a result of these findings, concern is growing both in the United States and abroad (47) that these changes will have serious adverse impacts on transportation and civil infrastructure systems unless agencies take proactive steps to mitigate these issues.

关键词：大气；气候变化；空气质量

查看摘要 索取原文[32页]

Freight movement is essential to the function of metropolitan areas, yet generates many externalities, including congestion, air pollution, noise, and greenhouse gas emissions. Metropolitan areas around the world are seeking ways to manage urban freight and its impacts. This paper presents the results from a comprehensive international survey of urban freight management strategies. The objective was to examine the effectiveness of alternative strategies and assess their transferability for U.S. implementation. Three categories were used to describe urban freight strategies: last-mile or first-mile deliveries and pickups, environmental mitigation, and trade node strategies. Many possibilities were found for the improved management of urban freight and its impacts; these possibilities included labeling and certification programs, incentive-based programs for voluntary emissions reduction, local land use and parking policies, and more stringent national fuel efficiency and emissions standards for heavy-duty trucks. More research is needed on intramet-ropolitan freight movements and on the effectiveness of existing policies and strategies.

关键词：大气；环境保护；保护意识

查看摘要 索取原文[10页]

Since limitations have been encountered in the achievement of the traditional targets tracking algorithms, a novel tracking method based on local block-graphs targets matching is proposed. Car flow tracking is applied to prove the effectiveness of the method. First, the images containing the targets are captured by the video frames to get the targets block-graphs. Second, the block-graphs can be used to achieve targets matching, and the detection process can be achieved by targets matching to get the optimal targets set. Finally, the targets set can be used to achieve the minimum deviation forecasting of all frames, and the targets tracking can be achieved. A junction video is selected as the experimental data, and a large number of experiments have been done. The results show that the proposed method not only has a great effect to track cars, but also has a better detection rate and tracking accuracy. The car flow statistics can be completed effectively.

关键词：目标跟踪算法；交通车流；最小偏差预测

查看摘要 索取原文[15页]

An interdisciplinary team of six faculty members and six students at the University of Detroit Mercy (UDM) conducted a comprehensive study of the factors enabling or inhibiting development of effective regional transit. Focusing on Metro Detroit and four peer regionsAtlanta, Cleveland, Denver, and St. Louisinvestigators examined six key variables in transit success: 1) leadership and politics, 2) governance and law, 3) finance, 4) transit-oriented development (TOD), 5) equity and access, and 6) media and public opinion. These elements were studied in the context of Detroit transit history with respect to lessons learned, recent developments in Metro Detroit, and comparisons and recommendations. The team employed a nontraditional research methodology driven not by numbers but by the narrative of firsthand experience. They conducted in-depth interviews with more than 60 leaders in transit advocacy, development, and operation from five regions across the country, seeking the type of insight acquired almost exclusively through personal experience. The interviewees included: Current or previous CEOs of four regional transit authorities (RTAs) and more than 25 key staff members of RTAs Six RTA board members, including three board presidents Five MPO leaders of transit development in their regions A wide variety of stakeholders/advocates, including leading figures in business, education, labor, campaign consulting, and media Government leaders, including legislators, mayors and mayors staff The team then undertook the task of curating, organizing and assembling this accumulation of wisdom into cogent analyses that form the foundation of this report. This document provides and overview and summaries of key findings in all six areas of focus. Six separate reports explore each area in greater depth.

关键词：控制因素；底特律；领导；管理规范

查看摘要 索取原文[64页]

Reducing the environmental impact of facilities and operations has become an important function for many organizations. In many cases, such as utility and fuel use, reducing these impacts can also be coupled to financial savings. The Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) has determined that conducting an energy and CO2 audit of its building and vehicle fleets will aid in assessing KDOT energy use, prepare for any future regulations regarding CO2 emissions, and help identify areas for increased savings through reduced use of commercial resources (primarily energy and fuel).

关键词：二氧化碳；环境影响；设施管理

查看摘要 索取原文[2页]

This project is a follow-up to Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) research project BD545-61, Impact of Lane Closures on Roadway Capacity (specifically, Part A: Development of a Two-Lane Work Zone Lane Closure Analysis Procedure and Part C: Modeling Diversion Propensity at Work Zones). In this previous project, the primary objective was to update the procedure in the Plans Preparation Manual (PPM), Volume 1, Section 10.14.7 (2006), for two-lane roadways. Field data collection was not included in the previous project; thus, the results were based strictly on simulation data from the FlagSim simulation program. The primary objective of this project was to update the two-lane roadway with a lane closure analysis procedure developed under the previous project, based on calibrating the FlagSim simulation program to field data. An additional aspect of this that was not considered in the BD545-61 project was to account for the effect of grade on the work zone performance measures. An additional project objective was to update the RTF estimation method developed under the BD545-61 project, as necessary, based on measured traffic demands (before and during) at work zone field sites. Field data were collected at three sites and used to calibrate the FlagSim program.

关键词：封闭行车线；工作区；交通能力

查看摘要 索取原文[91页]

报告从行业事件分析、政策环境、经济环境、产业链环境、国际环境、储运、快递、第三方物流、物流金融以及相关行业数据方面对物流行业进行了分析评论。

关键词：物流；储运；快递；第三方物流；物流金融；竞争环境；行业数据

查看摘要 索取原文[15页]

The industrial Internet of things (IIoT), also called the Industrial Internet or Industry 4.0, is a network of physical devices, sensors, and machines connected to the Internet for effective communication of data. IIoT enhances operational efficiency and, therefore, business productivity in any industrial setup; the technology also helps to monitor and control industrial operations from a remote location. Advanced analytics, when applied to the vast amounts of data generated by connected devices, helps enterprises and the scientific community make intelligent decisions underpinned by powerful insights.

关键词：工业物联网（IIoT）；工业网络；物理设备；传感器；提高；运营效率；远程位置；控制；产业化经营

查看摘要 索取原文[80页]

In order to better utilize available capacity in high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes, states are permitted to allow certain qualifying non-HOVs to use HOV lanes. In general, states may allow motorcycles, public transportation vehicles, high-occupancy toll (HOT) vehicles, and low-emission and energy-efficient vehicles to use HOV lanes. For any or all of these types of vehicles, the states must establish programs addressing candidacy, enrollment, and management of the lanes. In the case of tolled vehicles, dynamic pricing is the primary control that limits the potential to cause congestion in the lanes. In the case of the energy-efficient vehicles, the programs typically include decals, licenses, license plates, or stickers, that serve to identify and, in some cases, cap the number of allowed to use the lanes vehicles.

关键词：空气污染控制；汽车；拼车；拥塞

查看摘要 索取原文[40页]

This issue of Research Showcase features articles on two successful research efforts, one on quiet pavements and the other on the benefits of prismatic sign sheeting, and an article on university transportation center participation in Florida.

关键词：佛罗里达州；降噪；棱柱片材

查看摘要 索取原文[16页]