Modern mainstream programming languages distinguish between "atomic" (or sometimes "volatile") variables, which support concurrent access, ordinary data accesses with well-defines semantics. Concurrent accesses to an ordinary data variables, if one of those is an update, is defined as a data race. This distinctionis essential; these languages provide meaningful semantics only in the absence of data races. Code with data races not only allows inaccurate results; such code may completely and repeatably fail when recompiled or run on a different operating system version. In C and C++ data races are equivalent to assignments to out-of-bounds array elements; they can results in arbitrary failures, including application crashes, hangs, and inexplicably and completely wrong answers. These specifications, combined with implementation realities, make it infeasible to exploit "benign" data races to obtain performance, even if we are willing to tolerate approximate answers. Furthermore, even if we happen to get lucky, and code with data races happens to execute correctly with some compiler, the presence of atomic operations in languages like C and C++ means that data races provide at best inconsequential performance advantages and, in our experience, no scala bility advantages at all.

关键词：非确定性；数据竞争；可扩展性

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This paper introduces a practical system for combining overt, covert and forensic information in a single, small printed feature. The overt "carrier" feature need not be a dedicated security mark such as a 2D or
color barcode, but can instead be integrated into a desirable object such as a logo as part of the aesthetically-desired layout using steganographic halftones (Stegatones). High-resolution imaging in combination with highly accurate and robust image registration is used to recover, simultaneously, a unique identity suitable for associating a unique print with an on-line database and a unique forensic signature that is both tamper and copy sensitive.

关键词：法医印刷；Stegatones；图像配准；Gabor滤波器；生物识别技术

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Apache Thrift is a framework that enables scalable cross-language development, resulting in unambiguous communication among components in cloud environments. This article introduces the ideas around Thrift (an interface definition for remote procedure call with multilanguage bindings), and then demonstrates Thrift in a multilanguage client and server application.

关键词：Apache Thrift；云环境；可伸缩性

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Based on Hewlett Packard Laboratories' (HP Labs) leading-edge research and development in IT for Sustainability, we believe that information technology (IT) forms a crucial foundation for designing, building and managing the Sustainable Cities of the future. This paper proposes a model to innovate the engineering and computing curriculum to include sustainability and IT topics in order to develop the skills and competencies that future professionals will need to design, build and manage future cities. Multidisciplinary topics include traditional ecological engineering; life-cycle design; scalable and configurable resource microgrids; pervasive sensing infrastructure, aggregation and dashboards; knowledge discovery, data mining and visualization; and, policy based control and operation. Rather than developing a new program, we propose a curriculum model - called SustainIT - adapted from the successful 2006 US NAE Gordon Prize engineering curriculum innovation, The Learning Factory - as a possible roadmap to reform and complement existing Bachelor's of Science (BS) degrees in engineering. By providing a series of guided electives, any engineering program may offer engineering, and/or computer science students the opportunity to learn about and become specialized in IT for Sustainability. We also propose two Master's degree tracks - Information Technology for Sustainability and Infrastructure Technology for Sustainability - for engineering and computer science Master's degrees. We propose this curriculum innovation model as a workshop topic, in order to catalyze a discussion among stakeholders that will lead to the development of curricula to address the need for engineers that will have the skills and training to collect and analyze future cities data and make intelligent decisions for sustainability. The proposed workshop will be led by one or all of the authors, and will include a presentation of the proposed curriculum model, followed by an interactive work session among workshop participants to brainstorm ways to integrate the curriculum at their own institutions.

关键词：课程创新；可持续发展 ；IT ；BS；MS；信息技术

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This table shows configurations that you can create using the Build Your Own Cloud Server tool in SoftLayer to match the configurations in SCE.

关键词：SoftLayer；映射；SCE VM

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Virtual application patterns in IBM? PureApplication? System provide easy and powerful capabilities to construct a Platform as a Service Pattern. This 3-part article series shows how to use the IBM Pattern Development Kit to build virtual application patterns to deploy several classic web platform topologies. To demonstrate these capabilities, open source software Apache Tomcat, Apache HTTP server, and LiveJournal Memcached are included in this pattern.

关键词：IBM模式开发工具；虚拟应用程序；Tomcat和HTTP服务器

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This paper describes a part of the event extraction system which has been developed in collaboration with HP Labs Russia. The domain of input texts is business news feeds. One of the most important event participant types is 'Organization'. This paper is focused on the problem of organization names recognition in Russian news texts. Two approaches have been implemented. The first is dictionary-based. We propose an algorithm to make a dictionary from a set of legal body full names gathered from a government registry. The main problems with the dictionary matching are incorrect stemming and significant fraction of ambiguous names among dictionary entries. The second recognition approach is based on usage of local context clues and internal name words. These words constitute patterns which are intrinsic to organization names. These patterns enable recognition of non-dictionary names. We propose an algorithm to derive such patterns from the original dictionary.

关键词：命名实体识别；知识为基础；事件抽取

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Locks are the most widely used synchronization mechanism for threads. It is well-known that naive use of locks can easily lead to program failures through deadlock. Such deadlock is usually avoided through careful lock ordering. We argue that this approach is incompatible with several increasingly important programming practices that rely on libraries invoking ("calling-back") essentially unknown client code. Template-based generic programming in C++ is probably the most extreme in its use of call-backs, in that often almost every operator used in a generic function is potentially defined by client code. Template functions are essential to C++. Much of the standard library consists of template functions and classes. We expect the same to be increasingly true for libraries designed for concurrency that support synchronization. We argue that if locks are used for synchronization in such code we have no reliable methodology for avoiding deadlock; we need an alternate synchronization mechanism. We argue that transactional memory can extract us from this predicament. Unlike much of the debate surrounding transactional memory, we do not start with a focus on performance. We argue instead that transactional memory provides a desperately needed programmability improvement, which we have learned how to implement with sufficient performance to make it viable.

关键词：锁；互斥；泛型编程；模板；事务内存；僵局

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This guide gets you started with a typical installation for Microsoft? Dynamics? CRM v2011 using a script package and defines the requirements of this automation in IBM? PureApplication? System.

关键词：脚本包；Dynamics CRM v2011；IBM模式实验室

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This article provides a mapping of services, terms, and concepts available in IBM? SmartCloud? Enterprise (SCE) to the equivalent services in SoftLayer?.

关键词：SoftLayer；云计算服务；映射

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