One approach to investigating neural death is through systematic studies of the changing morphology of cultured brain neurons in response to cellular challenges. Image segmentation and neuron skeleton reconstruction methods developed to date to analyze such changes have been limited by the low contrast of cells. In this paper we present new algorithms that successfully circumvent these problems. The binary method is based on logical analysis of grey and distance difference of images. The spurious regions are detected and removed through use of a hierarchical window filter. The skeletons of binary cell images are extracted. The extension direction and connection points of broken cell skeletons are automatically determined, and broken neural skeletons are reconstructed. The spurious strokes are deleted based on cell prior knowledge. The reconstructed skeletons are processed furthermore by filling holes, smoothing and extracting new skeletons. The final constructed neuron skeletons are analyzed and calculated to find the length and morphology of skeleton branches automatically. The efficacy of the developed algorithms is demonstrated here through a test of cultured brain neurons from newborn mice.

关键词：神经元细胞图像；图像分割；灰色和距离差；滤波窗口

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Power system computation software tools are traditionally designed as serial codes and optimized for single-processor computers. They are becoming inadequate in terms of computational efficiency for the ever increasing complexity of the power grid. The power grid has served us remarkably well but is likely to see more changes over the next decade than it has seen over the past century. In particular, the widespread deployment of renewable generation, smart-grid controls, energy storage, plug-in hybrids, and other emerging technologies will require fundamental changes in the operational concepts and principal components of the grid. The grid is in an unprecedented transition that poses significant challenges in power grid operation. Central to this transition, power system computation needs to evolve accordingly to provide fast results for power grid management. On the other hand, power system computation should and has to take advantage of ubiquitous parallel computers. To bring HPC to power grid applications is not simply putting more computing units against the problem. It requires careful design and coding to match an application with computing hardware. Sometimes, alternative or new algorithms need to be used to maximize the benefit of HPC. This chapter demonstrates the benefits of HPC for power grid applications with several examples such as state estimation, contingency analysis, and dynamic simulation. These examples represent the major categories of power grid applications. Each of the applications has its own problem structure and data dependency requirements. The approach to apply HPC to these problems has different challenges. The HPC-enhanced state estimation, contingency analysis, and dynamic simulation presented in this chapter are suitable for today's power grid operation.

关键词：电力系统；智能电网；动态仿真；HPC电网

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关键词：服务攻击；时间透镜；攻击组合；DNS

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The resources of wireless sensor nodes are limited,and the power of nodes is supplied with battery whose capacity is very limited,once the energy of battery is run out,the nodes will lose their effect,so there are serious energy constraint in wireless sensor network.In this paper,the specific energy consumption of sensor nodes is studied by experiments,the energy experimental hardware platform is established with the low power consumption SCM MSP430F135 and wireless transceiver chip CC2420,the relationship of energy consumption and communication distance for nodes is discussed,and the energy management strategy of effective wireless greenhouse monitoring system based on dynamic power management is put forward and discussed,the mobile structure is adopted in the convergent nodes.The experiment and simulation results show that the energy consumption of nodes is proportional to the third power of communication distance,the communication distance of sensor nodes can greatly shorten,and energy consumption is saved.

关键词：无线传感器网络；动态电源管理；能源消耗

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关键词：华为；《2013年可持续发展报告》；绿色供应链

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Robots in extraterrestrial exploration traditionally faced difficulties in surface landings and flexible locomotion. Our project explored the viability of building robots around the tensegrity structural concept, which allows greater shock absorbance and flexibility by using isolated components held together through continuous tension. The study was separated into two parts: a physical prototype of a Super Ball tensegrity robot to test manufacturing viability and impact resilience in combination with a software simulation model to test control strategies and design concepts, such as position and number of actuators. This paper focused on the robustness of using software simulation models to predict the behavior of complex physical structures, such as the Super Ball tensegrity robot. Results included controlled locomotion simulations from a custom framework built on top of Bullet, a real-time physics simulation software, and initial rolling movement with a physical prototype. Software simulation models provided useful results for preliminary viability assessments, but should not replace physical prototyping, especially for complex structures. In conclusion, tensegrity robots could become promising alternatives to traditional rigid robots, which are more fragile and less flexible.

关键词：机器人;仿真模型;张拉整体结构;实时物理模拟

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Theory, algorithms, and software have been developed for the analysis and processing of point cloud sensor data for representation, analysis and visualization of complex urban terrain. These involve various parameterizations of terrain data based on implicit surface representations and adaptive multiscale methods that enable high resolution and enhance understanding of topology and geometric features. The wavelet and multi scale methods enable fast computation and allow for varying local resolution of the data depending on the local density of the point cloud. The implicit representations which are developed facilitate highly accurate approximation of signed distances to the sensed terrain surface. The level sets of the signed distance provide efficiently computed field of view from specified observation points. Collaboration among MURI focus groups has yielded hybrid methods incorporating the best features of both approaches. Simulation and field experiments have been conducted to test the MURI methodologies. These include problems of sensor assimilation for autonomous navigation of urban terrain, surveillance, secure route planning, line of sight, target acquisition and a host of related problems.

关键词：算法；地形；拓扑结构；城市；计算；计算机程序

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社会日益进步，当下人们的生活早已离不开网络，国内早就掀起3G热潮，3G网络是可以支持高速的数据传输，3G服务可以同时传送声音（通话），数据信息等等。3G能在全球范围内实现无线漫游，与2G相比3G在传输声音，数据等等上面都有了升华。目前有许多的专家提出，用3G来作为跳板，我们可以直接升级到4G上去。现在，世界各国都相当积极的开展了4G网络技术的研究，4G网络的发展潜力越来越显著。

关键词：4G网络技术；3G服务；发展潜力

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The goal of the project is to develop computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) methods and systems for mammography using advanced computer vision techniques and image information fusion from multiple mammograms to improve lesion detection and characterization. When tally developed, the CAD system can assist radiologists in mammographic interpretation. During this project year, we have performed the following tasks: (1) collected databases of digital mammograms (DMs) and digitized film mammograms (DFMs) for development of the CAD systems, (2) developed computer vision techniques and a prototype CAD system for detection of microcalcifications on DMs, (3) developed computer vision techniques and a prototype CAD system for detection of masses on DFMs and DMs, (4) explored the feasibility of improving mass detection by CAD on digital breast tomosynthesis mammograms, (5) developed automated pectoral muscle detection method for preprocessing of MLO view mammograms for multiple image analysis, (6) developed a prototype CAD method for classification of malignant and benign masses by fusion of information from mammograms and ultrasound images and investigated the effects of the multi-modality CAD system on radiologists performance. In summary, we have investigated a number of areas in CAD of mammographic lesions and evaluated the new techniques for both DMs and DFMs. We have made progress in the six tasks proposed in the project. We have found that our new computer-vision techniques and two-view information fusion approach can improve the performance of the CAD systems. We will continue the development of the CAD systems for DMs and DFMs in the coming years.

关键词：图像处理；诊断（医学）；体层摄影术；计算机辅助诊断；计算机应用

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Musical score following has many practical applications. As mobile devices get more popular, musicians would like to carry their sheet music on their mobile devices. One useful functionality that a sheet music app could o er is to have the app follow the music being played by the musician and turn pages at the right time. In this paper, we describe how we combined several techniques to accomplish this task and how we implemented it to run eciently. By understanding basic sheet music semantics and how instruments produce sound, we carefully constructed a hidden Markov model to follow a player's position in a musical score solely by listening to their playing. We implemented our algorithm in Java, in the form of a sheet music application for Android, and it was able to successfully follow amateur-level pianists playing Twinkle Twinkle Little Star, as well as Minuet in G, by J.S. Bach.

关键词：实时乐谱；移动设备；应用程序；马尔可夫模型

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