Despite the elevated rates of psychiatric problems among returning combat veterans, available evidence suggests that as many as half of soldiers screening positive for mental health problems never seek treatment for these issues (Fikretoglu et al., 2008, Hoge et al., 2006). One promising treatment approach that has shown efficacy in preliminary research and which may address issues related to stigma and barriers to care, is the used of web-based treatment interventions. In particular, internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) is rapidly emerging as a potentially efficacious treatment option for many individuals with mild to moderate depression (Andersson and Cuijpers, 2009). Emerging evidence suggests that iCBT is a particularly promising and well-accepted approach for treating large numbers of individuals while minimizing cost and clinicians time demand. Recently, researchers from the School of Psychiatry at the University of New South Wales (UNSW) developed and validated several, clinician-assisted iCBT programs that have shown remarkable success in treating major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, and panic disorder (Robinson et al., 2010, Titov et al., 2010, Titov et al., 2009).

关键词：医药；治疗技术；认知行为；大脑功能

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In October 2011, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) released the report Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy for Traumatic Brain Injury: Evaluating the Evidence, assessing the published evidence for the effectiveness of using cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CRT) to treat people with traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI has gained increasing attention in the past 15 years because of its status as the signature wound of American military conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Growing numbers of U.S. service members are suffering traumatic brain injuries and are surviving them, given that (a) the majority of traumatic brain injuries are mild and (b) lifesaving measures for more severe injuries have significantly improved. People with any level of injury can require ongoing health care in their recovery, helping them to regain (or compensate for) their losses of function and supporting their full integration into their social structure and an improved quality of life.

关键词：医药；治疗技术；创伤性脑损伤；模型框架

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The proposed research will examine the suitability of ERG as a target for prostate cancer therapy by using novel modular inducible transgenic mice. Prostate cancer is a large health problem in the United States. Recent efforts to classify distinct molecular subtypes of prostate cancer have shown that >50of prostate cancers possess a chromosomal translocation involving the ERG oncogene. I hypothesized that ERG can serve as an effective molecular therapeutic target for prostate tumors. I planned to show this with novel autochthonous prostate tumor mouse models. During this second year of support we have not been able to been able to adhere to the timeline of our Statement of Work - Task No. 2 - Determine if ERG cooperates with AKT1 for prostate tumorigenesis (months 14-34). We were previously successful at completing the tasks for Task No. 1 - Generate and characterize an inducible ERG prostate specific mouse model (months 1-17), but our characterization of ERG expression from our prostate inducible mouse model did not demonstrate any detectable prostate specific ERG expression at the protein level. Data from another project using the ARR2PB-tTA line has lead us to believe that the level of expression from the ARR2PB-tTA line is low and perhaps insufficient for the in vivo experiments described in our proposal. We are now planning to pursue the Hoxb13-rtTA mouse line allows for much more robust expression of tetO target genes in the mouse prostate.

关键词：医药；治疗技术；前列腺肿瘤；ERG靶向治疗活体实验

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关键词：医药；治疗技术；乳腺癌；辅助药物

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A major impediment to effective prostate cancer treatment involves the acquired resistance to cytotoxic therapies. Components of the tissue microenvironment are increasingly recognized to profoundly influence tumor cell phenotypes that include susceptibilities to toxic insults. Using a genome-wide analysis of transcriptional responses to genotoxic stress induced by cancer therapeutics, we have identified a spectrum of secreted proteins derived from the tumor microenvironment (TME) that have the potential to modify tumor growth and enhance resistance to DNA-damaging cancer therapeutics. These results suggest a mechanism by which genotoxic therapies given in a cyclical fashion can enhance subsequent treatment resistance through cell non-autonomous effects contributed by the TME. To date, the contributions of individual members of this DNA Damage-associated Secretory Program (DDSP) have not been defined, nor have the signaling mechanisms responsible for propagating the DNA-damage signal(s) been determined. Our objective during this grant period is to test whether treatment-associated DNA damage responses in cells comprising the prostate TME promote tumor growth and subsequent therapy resistance. During this funding period we have: (1) Generated a prostate fibroblast cell line stably expressing SPINK1; (2) Evaluated the impact which SPINK1 activation has upon the growth characteristics of prostate cancer cells lines; (3) Examined how SPINK1 secretion from the microenvironment modulates the response of prostate cancer cells to chemotherapeutics: (4) Begun the evaluation of SPINK1 regulatory pathway.

关键词：医药；治疗技术；肿瘤微环境；DNA损伤

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Pharmaceutical is related to people's health and life safety directly, we can track and control pharmaceutical safety and quality by constructing the traceable system of pharmaceutical's whole life cycle, including raw materials, production, transportation and storage. This paper develops a pharmaceutical production management system based on RFID technology, the system realizes the drug security by RFID, puts forward a pharmaceutical coding method according to EPCgloble, constructs a scheduling method and a monitoring of the pharmaceutical production process, and then it will be traceable for the information of pharmaceutical production process.

关键词：医药；药品；RFID；管理系统

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The endocytic trafficking pathway is the site of action for receptor- targeted drug-delivery strategies, including Antibody-Drug- Conjugates (ADCs) and nanoparticle drug-delivery systems. Effective drug-release requires trafficking of the endocytosed receptor-bound cargo into the lysosomes for efficient disintegration. However, cancer-cell specific alterations that lead to receptor recycling, instead of lysosomal-degradation, can dampen the efficiency of drug delivery. Such changes include receptor overexpression, increased association with the molecular chaperone, chaperones such as HSP90 or alterations in regulators of recycling versus lysosomal pathways (Rab GTPases, c-Src, deubiquitinases). While substantial effort has gone into designing receptor-targeted drug delivery systems, the consequence of factors leading to altered recycling versus lysosomal trafficking on the efficiency of drug delivery have not been considered. The receptor tyrosine kinases ErbB2 and EGFR, which are often overexpressed in breast cancer, are examples of cell surface receptors used for evaluating nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery systems. However, several studies have established that the ErbB2 receptor is either endocytosis-impaired or undergoes rapid recycling, suggesting that the strategies to enhance receptor internalization and lysosomal routing could further enhance the efficacy of cytotoxic drug being delivered. While, the molecular chaperone HSP90 is critical for maintaining oncogenic ErbB2-activity, it also is thought to be responsible for the altered trafficking of the receptor. The objective of this synergistic DOD-IDEA grant proposal was to evaluate our innovative hypothesis that HSP90 inhibitors can facilitate ErbB2- targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic payloads.

关键词：医药；治疗技术；纳米粒子；乳腺癌

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The VA Office of Inspector General (OIG) Office of Healthcare Inspections conducted a review in follow up of its March 2011 report on radiation therapy (RT) at the VA Long Beach Healthcare System (facility) in Long Beach, CA. OIG also assessed the validity of new allegations related to the quality of radiation treatments. We conducted an unannounced inspection in December 2012 and an announced inspection in February 2013, observed the practices of radiation therapists, and examined departmental electronic and paper records that are accessible only onsite.

关键词：医药；治疗技术；放射；评估

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Despite intense research efforts, cancer remains the second leading cause of death in the United States. Mortality is seldom caused by primary tumors, but rather by the effect of metastases on distant organs. The lymphatic system serves as a common route of metastasis for many cancers of epithelial origin. There is growing evidence that lymphangiogenesis, the sprouting of new lymphatics from pre-existing lymphatics, facilitates the dissemination of cancer. Interestingly, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) signaling has been shown to stimulate lymphangiogenesis in adult mice. However, the role VEGFR2 serves in the development of the lymphatic system has not been defined. Here we use the Cre-lox system to show that the proper development of the lymphatic vasculature requires VEGFR2 expression by lymphatic endothelium. This newly identified function of VEGFR2 further defines the molecular pathways controlling the development of the lymphatic vasculature and sheds light on how therapeutic agents targeting VEGFR2 can inhibit tumor lymphangiogenesis.

关键词：医药；治疗技术；淋巴系统；Anti-VEGF-A

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Over billions of years, the ocean is regarded as the origin of life on Earth, and the ocean includes the largest habitats hosting the most life forms. Competition among microorganisms for space and nutri ents in the marine environment is a powerful selective force, which has led to the evolution. The evolution prompts the marine micro organisms to generate multifarious enzyme systems to adapt to the complicated marine environments. Therefore, marine microbial enzymes can offer novel biocatalysts with extraordinary properties. This review deals with the research and development work done on the occurrence and bioprocessing of marine microbial enzymes.

关键词：医药；药品；食品；海洋微生物酶

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