The effect of dissolved gas on the reversibility of a Li/Li+ electrode in an ionic liquid electrolyte was investigated. Lithium metal is a potential anode in lithium batteries. The ionic liquid electrolyte was saturated with argon, nitrogen, oxygen, air.

关键词：锂电池；液体电解质；二次电池

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A new randomly crosslinked polymer is investigated for use as an ion- exchange membrane. The polymer was produced through amination of chlorinated poly(propylene) (PP) with poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) and quaternized with iodoethane. The synthesis of the new polymer is confirmed by FTIR 1H and 13C NMR. The microstructure of the polymer consists of aggregates on the order of 1 micrometer. Environmentally controlled small and wide angle X-ray analysis showed a relatively featureless amorphous morphology over length scales less than 105 nm through a full range of humidity environments. Little physical swelling of the films were observed, but very high internal water uptake was observed with lamba = 50. The highest in-plane ionic conductivity with chloride as the counter ion observed was 0.29 mS cm 1 at 90 deg C and 95% relative humidity. Infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor the relatively rapid rate of counter-ion reaction of hydroxide with ambient CO2 to form a mixture of carbonate and bicarbonate when exposed to air.

关键词：离子交换；膜；聚合物；碳酸氢盐；氯化物

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This report describes and discusses a series of experiments in which aluminum-nickel NanoFoil materials were used as the heat source for other thermal battery components, such as cathode, anode, and electrolyte, in the form of coated thin films, to develop a NanoFoil-heated thin-film thermal battery technology. This work culminated in the design, construction, and characterization of a complete, fully functional 12-cell NanoFoil-heated thin- film thermal battery prototype, which demonstrated a much faster rise in working voltage, a much lower internal gas pressure, a much shorter stack height, and a much greater flexibility in form factor, than the traditional pressed-pellet thermal batteries. In the process of screening and optimizing for the NanoFoil-heated thin-film thermal battery prototype, it was found that end-heating was very effective in prolonging the runtime of the battery by reducing the heat-sink from the battery stack into the end insulation, and the effective initiation length of the heat paper fuse strip was a major factor in determining the overall rise time of the battery due to the much lower speed of flame propagation in the heat paper than in the NanoFoil.

关键词：电池组件；电池；绝缘材料

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Several solution routes to low cost photovoltaic absorber materials have been explored. These routes include different ink chemistries as well as deposition and processing methods. The thin film absorber materials have been integrated into photovoltaic devices.

关键词：薄膜；光伏电池；成本；沉积；油墨

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In order to provide the large coverage and high data rate in future system,more and more low power nodes (LPNs) e.g.,pico nodes,relay nodes,etc.,are introduced into the LTE heterogeneous network (HetNet).The resource allocation and optimization scheme is the key issue in Hetnet system since the interference environment is quite complicated compared with the traditional homogenous networks.In this paper,the semi-distributed power and subcarrier allocation scheme is proposed,which aims to achieve the good performance tradeoff between the macro eNBs and the pico nodes.One novel utility function is investigated taking both macro edge UEs and pico edge UEs into account based on limited average data rate information exchanges between macro eNB and pico eNBs.The interference for the edge UEs can be coordinated efficiently due to the dynamic power and subcarrier allocations.Compared with the proportional fairness (PF) scheduling algorithm,the simulation results show that the proposed semi-distributed scheme can achieve about 8％ throughput gain in average cell throughput.Furthermore,the pico edge UEs,and macro edge UEs of the proposed scheme can achieve 17％,12％ capacity gain,respectively.

关键词：子载波分配；微微边缘UE；LTE Hetnet系统

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The aim of the project has been the analysis and development of a spinodal decomposition technology to enhance the heat transfer efficiency in microdevices. Poesio et al. (2007) had shown that the cooling (down to a given temperature) of a closed cell filled with a liquid-liquid mixture undergoing spinodal decomposition can be achieved ten-times faster compared to the case of a cell filled with a single-phase fluid. This effect can be explained as the result of (spinodal-decomposition induced) convective motion: the free energy released during spinodal decomposition acts as a driving force for the phase separation, leading to the spontaneous formation of single-phase domains which then proceed to grow and coalesce; this convective motion enhances the transport of internal energy and results in an appreciable heat transfer enhancement. Based on the proof-of-concept fundamental experiments in Poesio et al. (2006), Poesio et al. (2007), Poesio et al. (2009), and Farise et al. (2012), this technology was awaiting use in a configuration more relevant from the applications point of view, such as in a flowing system. The ultimate goal has been the design of a proof-of-concept micro/mini heat exchanger based on liquid-liquid spinodal decomposition. The project lasted for three years with the first year sponsored by the Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development, AOARD (Grant FA2386-10-1-4146). Continued with the European office, EOARD (Grant FA8655-11-1-3068), and completed in 2013. The work has accomplished two main objectives: (1) demonstrated and analyzed heat transfer in small-scale heat exchangers; and (2) conducted numerical modeling as a precursor to a design tool. Since the currently available modeling tools require years of computational time to complete the simulation of a practical- sized device, this effort only started developing a novel theoretical modeling approach that eventually will lead to the design of efficient heat exchangers.

关键词：调幅分解；国外；换热器；传热

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The Department of Energy Office of Electricity (DOE/OE), Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and the Base Camp Integration Lab (BCIL) partnered together to incorporate an energy storage system into a microgrid configured Forward Operating Base to reduce the fossil fuel consumption and to ultimately save lives. Energy storage vendors will be sending their systems to SNL Energy Storage Test Pad (ESTP) for functional testing and then to the BCIL for performance evaluation. The technologies that will be tested are electro-chemical energy storage systems comprising of lead acid, lithium-ion or zinc-bromide. Raytheon/KTech has developed an energy storage system that utilizes zinc-bromide flow batteries to save fuel on a military microgrid. This report contains the testing results and some limited analysis of performance of the Raytheon/KTech Zinc-Bromide Energy Storage System. The Raytheon/KTech RK30 Energy Storage System uses twelve RedFlow Zinc-Bromide Battery Modules (ZBMs) and six single phase inverters to sink, store, and supply electrical energy. Each ZBM is rated to hold up to 10kWh and each inverter is rated at 5kW making the system rated at 30kW and 120kWh. The inverters are 208VAC phase to phase inverters and are connected to a delta to wye isolation transformer to allow an electrical wye system interface.

关键词：电池；能源存储系统；电气设备

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Photonic crystals have been widely applied to improve the efficiency of solar cells due to its capability to manipulate photon transmission.Both theoretical and experimental research have shown that photonic crystals can significantly improve the absorption and conversion efficiency of solar cells.Solar cells that have photonic crystals back reflectors,intermediate reflectors,and window layers have higher photoelectric conversion efficiency.In this paper,the state-of-the-art applications of PCs in solar ceils are summarized.Various fabrication methods for photonic crystals and their associated performance are discussed.

关键词：光子晶体；太阳能电池；吸收；转换效率

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The sintered body of tubular cathode for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell(DEFC) is prepared by the gelcasting process using a certain proportion of graphite powder and mesocarbon microbead(MCMB).The electrical performance under different air flow rates,operating temperature,porosity of cathode diffusion layer,inlet pressure and different thickness of catalyst layer are analyzed by the combination of experimental and numerical simulation method.The results show that the increase of diffusion layer porosity,inlet pressure,thickness of catalyst layer and operating temperature are benefit for the improvement of the cell performance.Moreover,the electrical performance is improved when the air flow rate is 1 O0 mL/min.

关键词：直接乙醇燃料电池；管状阴极；电气性能

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This paper presents background, experimental design, and preliminary experimental results for the liquid hydrogen bubble point tests conducted at the Cryogenic Components Cell 7 facility at the NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. The purpose of the test series was to investigate the parameters that affect liquid acquisition device (LAD) performance in a liquid hydrogen (LH2) propellant tank, to mitigate risk in the final design of the LAD for the Cryogenic Propellant Storage and Transfer Technology Demonstration Mission, and to provide insight into optimal LAD operation for future LH2 depots. Preliminary test results show an increase in performance and screen retention over the low reference LH2 bubble point value for a 325 2300 screen in three separate ways, thus improving fundamental LH2 LAD performance. By using a finer mesh screen, operating at a colder liquid temperature, and pressurizing with a noncondensible pressurant gas, a significant increase in margin is achieved in bubble point pressure for LH2 screen channel LADs.

关键词：液态氢；推进剂储存；推进剂箱

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