Crystal oscillators are electronic circuits that generate electrical signals with precise frequencies. To generate these electrical signals, they make use of a vibrating crystal made of piezoelectric material. The frequency generated is used to keep constant track of time and provide a timely clock signal for electronic integrated circuits. This frequency is also used to stabilize frequencies for radio transmitters and receivers. Crystal oscillators find their application in a large number of devices such as cell phones (smartphones and feature phones), tablet computers, wristwatches,clocks, FM radios, medical electronic equipment, automotive systems (tyre pressure monitoring systems and anti-braking systems), and personal computers.

关键词：晶体振荡器；电子电路；电信号；精确频率；电子集成电路

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DBT is a 3D imaging technique used in detecting breast cancer. The DBT device captures images of thin slices of a stationary compressed breast at multiple angles during a short scan. After the scan, the images are reconstructed using algorithms into a series of thin high-resolution slices whose planes are parallel to the breast support plates. Tomosynthesis differs from computed tomography because the range of angles used is less than 360?. DBT provides several advantages and enhances the quality of the medical services available to patients. It minimizes recall rates, requires less compression of the breast, reduces tissue overlap in images, and provides efficient diagnosis of small tumors and skin lesions.

关键词：DBT；医疗设备；医疗器械；检测；乳腺癌；3D成像技术；设备捕获薄片；影像；小肿瘤；皮肤损伤

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ACC is a driver assistance system that is incorporated into a vehicle to help the driver maintain constant speed and keep safe distance from other vehicles. ACC automatically manages vehicle speed if there is any obstruction in front of the car and warns the driver in an emergency. The purpose of installing an ACC system is to enhance safety and efficiency. It is designed to help prevent accidents caused by driver error such as poor reaction time and drowsiness. This system is highly efficient in warning a driver whenever required and in providing improved comfort during long drives.

关键词：ACC；保持；驾驶辅助系统；速度；安全距离

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Although solar costs are dropping rapidly, solar power is still more expensive than conventional and other renewable energy options. The solar sector still needs continuing government policy support. These policies are driven by objectives that go beyond the goal of achieving grid parity. The need to achieve multiple objectives and ensure sufficient political support for solar power makes it difficult for policy makers to design the optimal solar power policy. The dynamic and uncertain nature of the solar industry, combined with the constraints offered by broader economic, political and social conditions further complicates the task of policy making. This report presents an analysis of solar promotion policies in seven countries--Germany, Spain, the United States, Japan, China, Taiwan, and India--in terms of their outlook, objectives, policy mechanisms and outcomes. The report presents key insights, primarily in qualitative terms, and recommendations for two distinct audiences. The first audience consists of global policy makers who are exploring various mechanisms to increase the penetration of solar power in markets to mitigate climate
change. The second audience consists of key Indian policy makers who are developing a long-term implementation plan under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission and various state initiatives.

关键词：太阳能；太阳能产业；政府政策；印度；建议；

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Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) result from exposure to high accelerations and are a serious threat to Soldiers in close contact with improvised explosive devices as well as sports players who are frequently involved in collisions. To improve TBI detection, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has developed a sensor small enough to be mounted in the ear. The sensor consists of an array of 3-axis microelectromechanical system (MEMS) acceleration threshold switches with different sensitivities that move to contacts under acceleration and complete a circuit. Previously, the outputs, which were voltage levels, required an analog-to-digital converter, but the implementation of the mechanism introduced a delay of 100 microsecs samples. This delay has caused the loss of data from switch closures that last less than 100 microsecs, so the sensor was redesigned with digital outputs, and a new program was developed. Clocked signals were used to simulate sensor data, and tests showed improved delays of 3 microsecs to 10 microsecs.

关键词：传感器；微机电系统；外伤性脑损伤；加速度；模拟数字转换器

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Biofuels are produced from biomass and waste materials. There are different forms of biofuel, namely fuel pellets (solid), bioethanol and biodiesel (liquid), and biogas (gaseous). Fermentation is the most widely used method for producing biofuel; however, other methods are also used to produce biofuel. Algae biofuels are made by using algae as a feedstock. The various algae biofuel technologies are: cultivation technologies, harvesting technologies, extraction technologies, and algae biofuel production facilities.

关键词：藻类；生物燃料；生物质；废物；燃料芯块；生物乙醇；生物柴油

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关键词：静电除尘器；工业废气；排放；控制装置；充电板；采集设备

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Japan is a potential market for the manufacture of commercial aircraft parts and MRO services. Currently, there is no company in Japan that completely manufactures commercial aircraft. Thus, the country relies on the import of commercial aircraft from other regions such as North America and Europe. However, there are some vendors in Japan that manufacture commercial aircraft parts for Airbus SAS, The Boeing Co., Bombardier Inc., and Embraer SA. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. is one such player in the country; Mitsubishi Heavy Industries is in the process of manufacturing MRJ, which is expected to be launched in the market in the coming few years.

关键词：商用飞机零部件；服务制造；日本；生产商用车；飞机零部件

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Grid-connected photovoltaic installations grew by 40in 2009 compared with installations in 2008. California and New Jersey have the largest markets. Growth occurred in the residential and utility markets, but non-residential customer-sited installations did not change compared with the installations in 2008. Two small solar thermal electric plants were connected to the grid in 2009 with a combined capacity of 7 MW. The future prospects for solar thermal electric plants look bright, although developers are not expected to complete any new large plants until at least 2011. Solar water heating and solar space heating annual installations grew by 40in 2008 compared with 2007. Hawaii, California, Puerto Rico, and Florida dominate this market. Solar pool heating annual installation capacity fell by 1in 2008 following a dramatic decline of 15in solar pool heating capacity in 2007 compared with 2006. Florida and California are the largest markets for solar pool heating. The economic decline in the real estate markets in Florida and California likely led to the decrease in pool installations and thus the dramatic decline in capacity installed of solar pool systems in 2007.

关键词：太阳能；发电厂；热水器；光伏电源

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This brochure provides an overview of the challenges and successes of Boston,  MA, a 2007 Solar America City awardee, on the path toward becoming a  solar-powered community. Accomplishments, case studies, key lessons learned, and  local resource information are given. The City of Boston and its Solar America  Cities program, Solar Boston, are helping to debunk the myth that solar energy  is only feasible in the southern latitudes. Boston has some of the highest  energy prices in the country and will likely be one of the first locations where  solar power achieves grid parity with conventional energy technologies. Solar Boston is facilitating the rapid development of solar energy projects and  infrastructure in the short-term, and is preparing for the rapid market growth  that is expected with the imminent arrival of grid parity over the long-term.  Solar Boston developed the strategy for achieving Mayor Menino's goal of  installing 25 MW of solar energy throughout Boston by 2015. Through Solar  Boston, the city has developed a strategy for the installation of solar technology throughout Boston, including mapping feasible locations, preparing a permitting guide, and planning the citywide bulk purchase, financing, and installation of solar technology. The city has also worked with local organizations to maximize Boston's participation in state incentive programs and innovative financing initiatives.

关键词：太阳能；能源政策；技术创新；新能源

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