Transponders receive an electromagnetic or radiofrequency signal from the Earth, amplify it, and send it back to Earth. Transponders are designed to exhibit various functionalities and they work based on a particular frequency band like C, Ku, and Ka. Depending on the signal strength and encoding/decoding techniques used for transmission and reception, a transponder can change the frequency, polarization, and modulation technique for signal regeneration, amplification, and retransmission back to Earth. The speed and centrifugal force of the satellite depend on the distance from the Earth's orbit. The speed and the gravitational pull of the satellite orbiting closer to Earth are higher than the ones that are orbiting farther. Different satellites placed in different orbits require transponders as per their band spectrum such as C, Ku, and Ka, for various communication and broadcasting purposes.

Motorcycle adaptive cruise control mechanisms are electronic components that monitor motorcycle speed by controlling engine RPM to maintain a constant set speed. The adaptive cruise control is made up of three main components: servo unit, throttle cable, and the associated wiring. An adaptive cruise control uses the speed signal from vehicle speed sensor in case of electronic speedometers, or monitor engine RPM through electrical connections made to the ignition coil. When adaptive cruise control is engaged by pressing the “set” button at a desired speed, it will set that speed such that the motorcycle will travel at the set speed consistently, until the adaptive cruise control mechanism is disengaged. Adaptive cruise control can be disengaged both automatically and manually. The mechanism disengages automatically when front or rear brakes are applied, or when the clutch is disengaged by the rider. The control can be manually disengaged by simply turning off the switch. The consistent speed allows the engine to burn fuel efficiently and gives the rider comfort and control over set speed limits.

Flow meters measure the mass, quantity, pressure and velocity of any fluid or gas flowing through a pipeline. These meters are classified into two types: Analog flow meters Smart/intelligent flow meters At present, the majority of the flow meters used are traditional analog flow meters, which are used to measure the flow of the fluid (oil and water) and gas (LPG, NG, condensate). But the trend is shifting toward the adoption of smart meter technology. Various governments and companies are adopting these new smart meters, which can transmit real-time data about consumption, peak load, and other crucial information such as leakages that need to be addressed immediately.

An average mobile device user spends $85 to $90 on cellphone accessories every year, as consumers increasingly seek out latest trends in accessories. This scenario is typical in APAC, which drives the majority of the revenue from mobile device accessories in the region. Protective cases are the largest segment of the market, whereas power bank is the fastest growing segment. The increasing slenderness and reduced weight of phones have made protective cases a necessity. With improved internet connectivity and advanced mobile internet services, such as 4G, the battery life of cellphones is decreasing. This will increase the need for portable power banks.

Neurodiagnostic and monitoring devices are used to monitor and record electrical activity in the brain, muscles, spinal cord, and other nerves. These devices are primarily used for diagnosing chronic brain disorders, such as sleep disorders, brain tumors, epilepsy, brain dysfunction, head injuries, encephalitis, strokes, and dementia. The neurodiagnostic and monitoring devices market in the US is growing at a significant rate and is expected to post a CAGR of 8.63% during the forecast period.

Scintillators are materials that possess the ability to absorb incident particles such as protons, electrons, and neutrons as well as high-energy photons such as X-rays and gamma rays. These materials convert the collected energy into a large number of visible photons or an ultraviolet range of photons. The conversion ensures easy detection by photomultipliers and photodiodes along with the efficient determination of energy and time of incident radiation. Scintillators are vital in radiation detection systems, with numerous applications in medical imaging, nuclear plants, manufacturing industries, high-energy particle experiments, and national security.

Bluetooth beacon devices are developed with BLE technology. BLE version 4.0 was the first version used for developing Bluetooth beacons. The BLE technology standard for beacons was introduced by Apple for the first time in September 2013. Apple launched its beacon technology under the brand name iBeacon in October 2013. In mid-2015, Google and Microsoft also developed beacon technology standards: Eddystone and Microsoft 10. These different beacon technology standards support three different smartphone operating systems. iBeacon supports iOS; Eddystone supports Android; and Microsoft 10 supports Windows.

A signal generator produces signals that are used as a stimulus for electronic measurements. The signals can be adjusted according to the output voltage, impedance, frequency, and modulation of the signal. The circuits in an electronic instrument require some type of input signals, and the amplitude of such signals vary over time. The input signals can be true bipolar AC1 or can vary over a range of DC offset voltages (positive or negative). The waves generated by the signals can be sine waves or analog functions, binary patterns, digital pulses, or a purely arbitrary waves.

The global RF duplexer market is forecast to grow at a rate of 12.24% CAGR during the forecast period. The market is expected to grow to $2.8 billion by 2020. The key vendors in the market include Broadcom, Murata, TDK, and Qorvo. They are engaged in stiff competition by offering cutting-edge products catering to the smartphone, STB, laptop, and tablet segments. The smartphone segment is the largest application segment in the global RF duplexer market with a 76.5% contribution to global revenues in 2015. It will continue to dominate during the forecast period.

The semiconductor market is shifting toward complex and miniaturized devices. Semiconductor device manufacturers need higher inspection sensitivity as they move toward lower node sizes (10nm and beyond). The migration will introduce complex structures and designs, as well as new materials.