Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive method used to measure the arterial blood oxygen saturation level of a patient. Pulse oximetry works on the principle of spectrophotometry, and makes use of the pulsating nature of the arterial blood flow and light absorptive characteristics of Hb. Using a pulse oximeter, hypoxia (a condition in which the supply of oxygen to the body or a region of the body is inadequate) can be detected before patients become clinically cyanosed. Pulse oximeters are used by patients with respiratory or cardiac problems, especially COPD, and for the diagnosis of sleep apnea and hypopnea. The equipment consists of a probe containing two diodes emitting light of two different wavelengths, infrared and red. The light is transmitted through parts of the body such as a finger or earlobe. The oxygenated Hb absorbs more of the infrared light and the deoxygenated Hb absorbs more of the red light. By calculating the amount of absorption, the sensor in the pulse oximeter computes the proportion of oxygenated Hb in the blood and displays it digitally on the screen.

关键词：脉搏血氧饱和度；测量；动脉血氧饱和度；分光光度法；动脉血流；血红蛋白

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Capnography is the measurement of CO2 in respiratory gases, which is an integral part of anesthetic and critical respiratory care. Capnography provides information about CO2 production, alveolar ventilation, and elimination of CO2 from the anesthesia circuit, thereby revealing the respiratory pattern. This information is vital as it is a quick and reliable method to detect acute conditions such as ventilatory failure, malposition of tracheal tubes, defective breathing circuits, and circulatory failure in both intubated and non-intubated patients.Organizations such as the ASA and the APSF have been recommending the use of capnography devices in an increasing number of situations in hospitals and surgical centers.

关键词：二氧化碳；浓度监测仪；麻醉；关键呼吸道；护理；ASA；APSF

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Smart energy meters are next-generation meters that provide precise readings of electricity consumption and are generally installed in households or in enterprises to maintain detailed statistics of energy consumption. A smart energy meter works as an electrical meter that measures and provides feedback of the power consumed to the electricity supplier. Customers find these meters useful because they can monitor the amount of power used. Two-way communication capability is the most important feature of smart energy meters, which enables the parties involved (consumers and electricity suppliers) to track the energy consumed on a real-time basis. Some of the advantages of smart energy meters are: electricity suppliers can produce more accurate bills as these meters send details of the energy used; consumers can control the power consumed and monitor their power consumption habits; and smart energy meters help reduce carbon emissions.

关键词：智能电能表；电力；精确读数；能量消耗；统计信息

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Elderly and disabled assistive devices enable the elderly and disabled population to carry out their everyday activities that involve movement, hearing, and reading with ease. The devices are designed for the elderly and disabled population to live more independently with a good quality of life. The devices include both simple and complex products in design. For instance, wheelchairs, crutches, and mobility scooters are among the simplest in design, while reading machines, hearing aids, and transfer lifts are much more complex in design.

关键词：老年人；残疾人；辅助设备；涉及运动；听力；阅读轻松；良好；独立生活；生活质量

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MRI is an imaging technique that creates detailed images of the organs and tissues of the body with the help of a magnetic field and radio waves. It does not use ionizing radiation either for diagnosis, or for the study of brain function or cancer growth. MRI is used for a variety of clinical applications such as clinical neurology, cardiology, oncology, musculoskeletal, and orthopedics. Hence, MRI helps in the diagnosis and treatment in many specialties, although the effect on improvement in the condition of the patient due to its usage is uncertain.

关键词：MRI；创建器官；详细图像；成像技术；脑功能；癌症生长；研究；临床 应用

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An electrophysiology device studies the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues by measuring changes in the voltages of various biological cells, tissues, organs, and the body as a whole.

关键词：电力生理学；电器性能；设备

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Capnography is the measurement of CO2 in respiratory gases, which is an integral part of anesthetic and critical respiratory care. Capnography provides information about CO2 production, alveolar ventilation, and elimination of CO2 from the anesthesia circuit, thereby revealing the respiratory pattern.

关键词：监测仪；测定；呼吸气；麻醉剂

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Submersible pumps are a type of ALS that are completely submerged in the fluid to be pumped. These pumps are also referred to as ESPs. The working principle of an ESP is to lift and propel fluids to the surface. ESPs are usually single stage or multistage. Each stage of a submersible pump contains a motor enclosed in a casing and sealed with mechanical seals to prevent leakage. The power cable connected to the motor actuates it. The motor casing contains pipes or hose fittings that pump out the fluid to the surface. The type and size of the discharge hose depends on the discharge rate and nature of the fluid being pumped out.

关键词：潜水泵；静电除尘器；提升；推动；流体

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Atomic spectroscopy is a technique used to analyze the elemental composition of an analyte by its electromagnetic or mass spectrum. For the analysis, the radiation intensity, as a function of wavelength, is measured with the help of spectral instruments such as spectrometers or spectral analyzers. It can be used to determine the mass, structure, and composition of the substance under consideration. Atomic spectroscopy analyzes the substances in the most effective way and produces accurate results. These results are helpful in yielding technological innovations in various industries such as Environmental, Food, Pharmaceutical, Petrochemical, Chemical/Industrial, Geochemical/Mining, Biomonitoring, Agriculture, Semiconductor, Nuclear Energy, Renewable Energy, and Nanomaterials.

关键词：原子光谱；分析；元素成分；辐射强度

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Diabetes is a disease that occurs when the body is unable to produce insulin or produces insulin in insufficient quantities, or when the glucose level in the body rises above the normal range. Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, is used to process glucose, which acts as fuel for the tissues. BGM is the process of testing the concentration of insulin or glucose in the blood. A blood glucose meter is a small electronic device used to measure and display the blood glucose level. To measure the level of blood glucose, a small drop of blood is taken by pricking or piercing a finger with an instrument called a lancet. A drop of blood is then placed on a disposable blood glucose test strip and this is inserted into a blood glucose meter.

关键词：糖尿病；葡萄糖水平；高于；正常范围；BGM；血糖仪

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