Cratos was originally designed to evaluate a small footprint, low-power, tracked vehicle for traversing a crater face and for scraping regolith from a crater basin on the lunar surface. These activities require a power-to-weight ratio such that the vehicle is able to pull its entire mass vertically off the ground with the power from one track. Further complicating matters, the available power-units that fit the vehicles approximate one cubic meter volume, restrict power consumption to 100 watts. Lastly, the vehicle is required to telemeter data from an array of sensors to a remote control station for further study. This unique mix of design constraints lead to the creation of a versatile mobile sensor platform, described in this paper, capable of performing a myriad of functions beyond the scope of its original purpose.

关键词：机器人；设计分析；远程控制；遥测

查看摘要 索取原文[14页]

The paper presents application of a novel method for coating of the liquid GC materials on the surface of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors. The method consists of a simultaneous sorption of lipopolymer, lipid and liquid GC material and results in the effective immobilization of the liquid materials and formation of fairly stable sensitive membranes.

关键词：气味传感器；QCM传感器；液体气相色谱材料；脂肪聚合物

查看摘要 索取原文[6页]

Point-based traffic sensors, such as microwave radar and acoustic sensors, provide the valuable capability of sampling the entire traffic stream. However, full network coverage with point sensors requires a significant initial capital investment and ongoing maintenance expenditures. Probe-based sensors can cover an extensive roadway network at a much lower cost because roadway-based field equipment is not required. Decisions regarding the relative level of point sensor- versus probe-based deployment for traffic monitoring involve evaluating the trade-off between the value of comprehensive detection versus total system costs. An essential step in evaluating this trade-off involves directly comparing collocated point sensor and probe vehicle systems to understand how the derived traffic stream measures from the two approaches differ. This study compared 5-min speeds from microwave radar and acoustic sensors with link speeds from Global Positioning System (GPS) probes for both directions at five freeway locations. Systematic differences were found at one location. Floating car GPS runs were performed to confirm that the systematic error lay in the point speeds. The speed differences at all sites were normally distributed, with three locations indicating a mean speed difference greater than 5 mph. Nonsystematic speed differences were identified; the difference was more than 1.5 standard deviations lower than the mean difference. This difference may indicate inherent inaccuracies in reported GPS speeds under heavy congestion, including instances of time lag in recovering from congested speeds.

关键词：传感器；探测器；雷达；全球定位系统（GPS）

查看摘要 索取原文[10页]

We present results on quasidiffusion studies in large, 3 inch diameter, 1 inch thick (100) high purity germanium crystals, cooled to 50 mK in the vacuum of a dilution refrigerator, and exposed with 59.5 keV gamma-rays from an Am-241 calibration source. We compare data obtained in two different detector types, with different phonon sensor area coverage, with results from a Monte Carlo. The Monte Carlo includes phonon quasidiffusion and the generation of phonons created by charge carriers as they are drifted across the detector by ionization readout channels.

关键词：传感器；锗；GE半导体探测器；电离；声子

查看摘要 索取原文[13页]

Raytheon is developing NIR sensor chip assemblies (SCAs) for scanning and staring 3D LADAR systems. High sensitivity is obtained by integrating high performance detectors with gain, i.e., APDs with very low noise Readout Integrated Circuits (ROICs). Unique aspects of these designs include: independent acquisition (non-gated) of pulse returns, multiple pulse returns with both time and intensity reported to enable full 3D reconstruction of the image. Recent breakthrough in device design has resulted in HgCdTe APDs operating at 300K with essentially no excess noise to gains in excess of 100, low NEP <1nW and GHz bandwidths and have demonstrated linear mode photon counting. SCAs utilizing these high performance APDs have been integrated and demonstrated excellent spatial and range resolution enabling detailed 3D imagery both at short range and long ranges. In the following we will review progress in real-time 3D LADAR imaging receiver products in three areas: (1) scanning 256 x 4 configuration for the Multi-Mode Sensor Seeker (MMSS) program and (2) staring 256 x 256 configuration for the Autonomous Landing and Hazard Avoidance Technology (ALHAT) lunar landing mission and (3) Photon-Counting SCAs which have demonstrated a dramatic reduction in dark count rate due to improved design, operation and processing.

关键词：传感器；接收器；光雷达；近红外辐射；成像技术

查看摘要 索取原文[18页]

The construction and the operating principle of the novel micro-angular vibration testbed (MAVT) are presented, the MAVT is designed to complete the angular performance testing for the micro sensor and parts such as MEMS-gyro, angular accelerometer. A systemic design procedure of the optimized flexure hinge and general voice coil actuator (VCA) to fine single-axis MAVT actuator are introduced for fast and precision actuation. A method for measuring frequency response function by means of a displacement sensor electric eddy current sensor is designed. To verify the performance of the designed MAVT, frequency response of the system are performed, the differential equation of the pull-tilting motion is established according to the Lagrange's equation, the formula of the natural frequency is derived, and the model analysis of the MAVT is also carried out with the help of limited element analysis. The static stiffness experiments show that the angular stroke of the MAVT is 1 ° and preliminary tests performed on the closed-loop control system indicate that angular resolution of 1' can be achieved. Model experiments performed on the prototype of MAVT are presented and the theoretic result fits with the result of experiment (250Hz). For fast and precision actuation performances, design parameters are selected based on the dynamic model of VCA and flexure hinge, and design process is completed. The model results can be provided for the construction design of the MAVT. Conventional platforms of angular performance testing are bulky and costly. Analysis and experiments results indicate that the novel MAVT is an efficient platform to complete the angular performance testing for micro sensor and parts

关键词：传感器；微角振动试验台；柔性铰链；动态分析；音圈电机

查看摘要 索取原文[6页]

The principle objective of this proposal is to develop a positron emission tomography (PET) detector with depth-of-interaction (DOI) positioning capability that will achieve state of the art spatial resolution and sensitivity performance for small animal PET imaging. When arranged in a ring or box detector geometry, the proposed detector module will support 15absolute detection efficiency. The detector will also be compatible with operation in a MR scanner to support simultaneous multi-modality imaging. The detector design will utilize a thick, monolithic crystal scintillator readout by a two-dimensional array of silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) devices using a novel sensor on the entrance surface (SES) design. Our hypothesis is that our single-ended readout SES design will provide an effective DOI positioning performance equivalent to more expensive dual-ended readout techniques and at a significantly lower cost. Our monolithic crystal design will also lead to a significantly lower cost system. It is our goal to design a detector with state of the art performance but at a price point that is affordable so the technology can be disseminated to many laboratories. A second hypothesis is that using SiPM arrays, the detector will be able to operate in a MR scanner without any degradation in performance to support simultaneous PET/MR imaging. Having a co-registered MR image will assist in radiotracer localization and may also be used for partial volume corrections to improve radiotracer uptake quantitation. The far reaching goal of this research is to develop technology for medical research that will lead to improvements in human health care.

关键词：传感器；探测器；晶体；正电子发射断层扫描

查看摘要 索取原文[8页]

The association of nanocoatings with optical fiber enables advantages of optical fiber (small size, high sensitivity, large bandwidth, immunity to electromagnetic interference, light weight, and ease of implementation of multiplexed and distributed sensors) to be combined with the interesting properties of novel structures ordered at the nanoscale level. In this chapter, we have reviewed some of the most recent applications in optical fiber sensors based on nanostructured coatings covering a wide range of interrogation schemes and fabrication techniques. Thus, in order to achieve an optimal sensor response, a precise selection of the specific coating materials, the appropriate fabrication technique, and the adequate fiberoptic interrogation scheme is required.

关键词：传感器；光纤；纳米技术；纳米涂层

查看摘要 索取原文[37页]

Cooperative localization is a useful way for nodes within a network to share location information in order to better arrive at a position estimate. This is handy in GPS contested environments (indoors and urban settings). Most systems exploring cooperative localization rely on special hardware, or extra devices to store the database or do the computations. Research also deals with specific localization techniques such as using Wi-Fi, ultra-wideband signals, or accelerometers independently opposed to fusing multiple sources together. This research brings cooperative localization to the smartphone platform, to take advantage of the multiple sensors that are available. The system is run on Android powered devices, including the wireless hotspot. In order to determine the merit of each sensor, analysis was completed to determine successes and failures. The accelerometer, compass, and received signal strength capability were examined to determine their usefulness in cooperative localization. Experiments at meter intervals show the system detected changes in location at each interval with an average standard deviation of 0.44m. The closest location estimates occurred at 3m, 4m and 6m with average errors of 0.15m, 0.11m, and 0.07m respectively. This indicates that very precise estimates can be achieved with an Android hotspot and mobile nodes.

关键词：多传感器；融合；全球定位系统；数据基地

查看摘要 索取原文[98页]

The unparalleled accuracies of accelerometers, gyroscopes and gravity sensors based on light-pulse atom interferometry methods hold great promise for a broad range of demanding military and commercial applications in navigation and geophysical exploration. Previous atom optic (AO) sensor development efforts have validated the technology for high-accuracy applications. This program assessed the suitability of the technology for navigation-grade sensors operating on Army platforms. First, we developed a preliminary design for a single-axis AO accelerometer for use on an Army all- terrain vehicle (ATV). Various trade studies guided the mechanical, optical, electrical and operational designs of the accelerometer. Sensitivity and error models predicted that the Army accelerometer would meet the specified performance objectives. We experimentally tested innovative technologies that could potentially simplify the accelerometer design. More refined simulations informed the final selection of the techniques for generating cold atoms in sensors operating on moving platforms. Based on the results of the preceding analysis and the technology validation studies, we iterated the accelerometer design and supported a critical design review for the Army accelerometer. Future efforts should build and test the prototype accelerometer.

关键词：加速度计；光探测器；原子干涉仪；ATV（全地形车）

查看摘要 索取原文[8页]