1. Understand the concept of architectural styles and patterns 2. Understand the importance and role of architectural patterns in architectural designs 3. Identify, understand, and apply the major types of architectural patterns 4. Understand the quality benefits associated with using different architectural patterns.

关键词：电子信息；软件；体系结构；模式

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1. Understand the role of software architecture within the software design phase 2. Become familiar with architectural tasks and problem solving during architecture 3. Understand the importance and role of architectural views in software architecture 4. Become familiar with the software architecture process 5. Become familiar with the concept of architecture evaluation.

关键词：电子信息；软件；架构；原则

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Software monoculture is a significant liability from a computer security perspective. Single attacks can ripple through networks and affect large numbers of vulnerable systems. A simple but unusually powerful idea to solve this problem is to use artificial diversity in software systems. After discussing the design space of introducing artificial diversity, we present an in-depth performance analysis of our own technique: randomly inserting non-alignment NOP instructions. We observe that this technique has a moderate performance impact and demonstrate its real world applicability by diversifying a full system stack.

关键词：电子信息；软件；堆栈

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In [32, Appendix] we have shown that the system which implements the Subject-oriented approach to Business Process Modeling (S-BPM) has a precise semantical foundation in terms of Abstract State Machines (ASMs). The construction of an ASM model for the basic S-BPM concepts revealed a strong relation between S-BPM and the ASM method for software design and analysis. In this paper we investigate this relation more closely. We use the analysis to evaluate S-BPM as an approach to business process modeling and to suggest some challenging practical extension of the S-BPM system.

关键词：电子信息；软件设计；主题；抽象

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1. Understand the role and importance of Unified Modeling Language (UML) in software design 2. Become familiar with UML's common structural and behavioral diagrams 3. Understand the relationship between structural UML models and code 4. Understand how to model concurrency with UML.

关键词：电子信息；软件；统一建模语言

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Machine learning is a technique not widely used in software testing even though the broader field of software engineering has used machine learning to solve many problems. In this chapter we present an overview of machine learning approaches for many problems in software testing, including test suite reduction, regression testing, and faulty statement identification. We also present our work using machine learning to augment automatic model-based test case generation for graphical user interfaces (GUIs). A model of the GUI is used to generate test cases, which are event sequences, to be executed on the system under test. Such models may not completely represent the GUI, and therefore may allow infeasible test cases to be generated that violate constraints in the GUI. We use two different machine learning techniques (support vector machines and grammar induction) to identify infeasible test cases (i.e., test requirements that cannot be satisfied). We demonstrate that these techniques are robus,t across different-length test cases and different GUI constraints.

关键词：电子信息；软件测试；机器学习

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The characteristics of software engineering (SE) are changing rapidly. The following trends are easy to notice: the transfer from plan driven development to agile development, the transfer towards distributed and multicultural teams and organization structure, the increasing importance of services related to software products or software itself, transfer towards cloud implementation of information systems. Even as agile software development is encouraging active interaction inside teams and between the developers and the clients, distributed work is increasing its difficulty. The problems of distribution itself can be solved by tools and techniques, e.g. by improved version and configuration management, careful asset repository management, tools forcing the production of unified specifications, and tools supporting communication in a distributed development context. When software organizations are multicultural, one additional dimension of difficulty appears. Even in a single unit, differences in cultural background may cause problems, but the problems become emphasized especially in the case of distributed work. The same problem also appears in software related services: to an increasing extent the service chain is distributed across cultural borders. Process models are used to provide means for the better management of software engineering and services. Predefined processes force the developers to follow the given guidelines throughout the organization - regardless of the geographical location and cultural background of the employees. This is also the expectation of managers. A slightly more careful look at the real situation gives a different view: some processes are more culture sensitive than others, and the practices are "tuned" to follow the rules of the culture. This paper opens up the discussion on the cultural aspects in connection with software engineering, taking into account especially the role of national cultures.

关键词：电子信息；软件工程；跨文化；多文化的；软件生命周期过程；文化敏感性

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In this study, the components important for testing work and organizational test process are identified and analyzed. This work focuses on the testing activities in real-life software organizations, identifying the important test process components, observing testing work in practice, and analyzing how the organizational test process could be developed. Software professionals from 14 different software organizations were interviewed in several phases to collect data on organizational test process and testing-related factors. Moreover, additional data on organizational aspects were collected with a survey conducted on 31 organizations. These data were further analyzed with the Grounded Theory method to identify the important test process components, and to observe how real-life test organizations develop their testing activities. The test management at the project level is an important factor; the organizations do have sufficient test resources available, but they are not necessarily applied efficiently. In addition, organizations in general are reactive; they develop their process mainly to correct problems, not to enhance their efficiency or output quality. The results of this study allows organizations to have a better understanding of the test processes, and develop toward better practices and a culture of preventing problems, not reacting to them.

关键词：电子信息；软件；测试流程；开发

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本刊以七大战略性新兴产业——节能环保、新一代信息技术、生物、高端装备制造、新能源、新材料、新能源汽车为研究重点，关注国家高层和各部委的动态，剖析国家和地方的新兴产业政策。本刊设有政策导读、领导讲话、七大战略性新兴产业本周国内外行业动态和重点企业新闻、投资专题四大板块，能够实时监测新兴产业和重点企业动态，把握新兴产业发展方向，研究发展重点，寻求发展机遇。

关键词：节能环保；新一代信息技术；生物；高端装备制造；新能源；新材料；新能源汽车

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当前移动互联网进入了发展的高潮期，分析了我国移动互联网的发展趋势，包括：智能手机用户激增，入口之战愈演愈烈，跨入“应用为王”时代，搜索引擎掌控入口，移动广告彰显新商机。

关键词：移动互联网；智能终端；应用商店；搜索引擎移动广告

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