This paper outlines an architecture that provides data and software services to enable a set of Unmanned Aircraft (UA) platforms to operate in a wide range of air domains which may include terminal, en route, oceanic and tactical. The architecture allows a collection of command,control, situational awareness, conflict detection and avoidance, and data management elements to be composed in order to meet different requirement sets as defined by specific UA platforms, users, and operating regimes. The architecture discussed is based on a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) with open standards on the interfaces between elements. Services may include common situational awareness, sense and avoid,weather, data management and flight plan information. Service contracts specify quality of service,interface specifications, service description metadata, security provisions, and governance. Pieces of the architecture have been implemented by MIT Lincoln Laboratory in the form of a Sense and Avoid (SAA) testbed that provides some of the core services. This paper describes the general architecture and a SAA testbed implementation that begins to realize that architecture and quantifies the benefits. The proposed architecture is not directed at a specific program but is intended to provide guidance and offer architectural best practices.

关键词：电子信息；软件；系统；集成

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The Common Misuse Scoring System (CMSS) is a set of measures of the severity of software feature misuse vulnerabilities. A software feature is a functional capability provided by software. A software feature misuse vulnerability is a vulnerability in which the feature also provides an avenue to compromise the security of a system. Such vulnerabilities are present when the trust assumptions made when designing software features can be abused in ways that violate security. Misuse vulnerabilities allow attackers to use for malicious purposes the functionality that was intended to be beneficial. CMSS can provide measurement data to assist organizations in making sound decisions on addressing software feature misuse vulnerabilities and in conducting quantitative assessments of the overall security posture of a system. This report defines proposed measures for CMSS and equations to be used to combine the measures into severity scores for each vulnerability. The report also provides examples of how CMSS measures and scores would be determined for selected software feature misuse vulnerabilities.

关键词：电子信息；软件；系统；漏洞；CMSS

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The multidisciplinary nature of rotary-wing aeromechanics poses a daunting challenge for the design of practical modeling and simulation software that is accurate, efficient, and maintainable. This paper describes the design strategy for the US Army's Helios software, which features a lightweight Python- language integration framework combined with well-defined interfaces to link together various multidisciplinary software components. This design facilitates the use of alternative component software within Helios, the addition of new component software into Helios, and the rapid introduction of new computational fluid dynamics technology within Helios. This paper also presents examples of Helios rotary-wing aeromechanics simulations that include simultaneous solutions for rotor dynamics and aerodynamics plus high resolution of the rotor wake system.

关键词：电子信息；软件；设计策略

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Software applications need to change and adapt as modern architectures evolve. Nowadays advancement in chip design translates to increased parallelism. Exploiting such parallelism is a major challenge in modern software engineering. Multicore processors are about to introduce a significant change in the way we design and use fundamental data structures. In this work we describe the design and programming principles of a software library of highly concurrent scalable and nonblocking data containers. In this project we have created algorithms and data structures for handling fundamental computations in massively multithreaded contexts, and we have incorporated these into a usable library with familiar look and feel. In this work we demonstrate the first design and implementation of a wait-free hash table. Our multiprocessor data structure design allows a large number of threads to concurrently insert, remove, and retrieve information. Non-blocking designs alleviate the problems traditionally associated with the use of mutual exclusion, such as bottlenecks and thread-safety. Lock-freedom provides the ability to share data without some of the drawbacks associated with locks, however, these designs remain susceptible to starvation. Furthermore, wait-freedom provides all of the benefits of lock-free synchronization with the added assurance that every thread makes progress in a finite number of steps. This implies deadlock-freedom, livelock-freedom, starvation-freedom, freedom from priority inversion, and thread-safety. The challenges of providing the desirable progress and correctness guarantees of wait-free objects makes their design and implementation difficult. There are few wait-free data structures described in the literature. Using only standard atomic operations provided by the hardware, our design is portable; therefore, it is applicable to a variety of data-intensive applications including the domains of embedded systems and supercomputers. Our experimental evaluation shows that our hash table design outperforms the most advanced locking solution, provided by Intel's TBB library, by 22.

关键词：电子信息；软件；设计；架构；多核处理器；算法；数据结构

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Information systems belonging to the DoD and U.S. Army experience cyber attacks on a daily basis. Increasingly, these attacks are targeting popular third-party applications, instead of focusing on vulnerabilities in Microsoft software. The DoD responded to this threat by adopting Citadel Hercules, which did not find a willing audience with the U.S. Army. Instead, the Army adopted Microsoft Systems Management Server (SMS), followed by System Center Configuration Manager (SCCM) 2007 to meet this threat. After more than five years, the rollout of SCCM to all organizations within the U.S. Army is still incomplete. This study provides an overview of the threats facing U.S. Army information systems and looks at how the Army has addressed this challenge in the past. Next, the study takes a system engineering approach to identifying an optimal tool for mitigating third-party vulnerabilities and suggests potential alternatives to SCCM. In addition, the study utilizes a cost benefit analysis approach to aid in evaluating the potential Return on Investment (ROI) provided by each tool. The purpose of this study is to answer the question: What is the most optimal solution for mitigating vulnerabilities in third-party applications on U.S. Army information systems.

关键词：电子信息；软件；信息系统；漏洞

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Adoption of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products in safety critical systems has been seen as a promising acquisition strategy to improve mission affordability and, yet, has come with significant barriers and challenges. Attempts to integrate COTS software components into NASA human rated flight systems have been, for the most part, complicated by verification and validation (V&V) requirements necessary for flight certification per NASA s own standards. For software that is from COTS sources, and, in general from 3rd party sources, either commercial, government, modified or open source, the expectation is that it meets the same certification criteria as those used for in-house and that it does so as if it were built in-house. The latter is a critical and hidden issue. This paper examines the longstanding barriers and challenges in the use of 3rd party software in safety critical systems and cover recent efforts to use COTS software in NASA s Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV) project. It identifies some core artifacts that without them, the use of COTS and 3rd party software is, for all practical purposes, a nonstarter for affordable and timely insertion into flight critical systems. The paper covers the first use in a flight critical system by NASA of COTS software that has prior FAA certification heritage, which was shown to meet the RTCA-DO-178B standard, and how this certification may, in some cases, be leveraged to allow the use of analysis in lieu of testing. Finally, the paper proposes the establishment of an open source forum for development of safety critical 3rd party software.

关键词：电子信息；软件；飞行系统；认证；安全系统

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This final report contains the findings from the trustworthy composition of pre-designed software components project. Since DoD software is often developed at multiple vendor sites, individual components may be verified and delivered to an integrator--but the integration might fail because of behavioral incompatibility of the component interfaces. This work proposed behavioral types of interfaces by extracting the polychronous model from source code, and then using the theory of polychronous composition to check if the composition satisfied all of the requirements. The computation of composition properties (type inference) required novel development of a specialized Boolean theory for Prime Implicates, which provided a huge computational improvement through highly efficient generation of Prime Implicates.

关键词：电子信息；软件；嵌入式；预设计

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Flight controllers in NASA s mission control centers work day and night to ensure that missions succeed and crews are safe. The IT goals of NASA mission control centers are similar to those of most businesses: to evolve IT infrastructure from basic to dynamic. This paper describes Mission Control Technologies (MCT), an application platform that is powering mission control today and is designed to meet the needs of future NASA control centers. MCT is an extensible platform that provides GUI components and a runtime environment. The platform enables NASA's IT goals through its use of lightweight interfaces and configurable components, which promote standardization and incorporate useful solution patterns. The MCT architecture positions mission control centers to reach the goal of dynamic IT, leading to lower cost of ownership, and treating software as a strategic investment.

关键词：电子信息；软件；应用程序；飞行控制软件

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Why APPs are important to the military: (1) Information is presented in a manner that users want to see, (2) Speed of building and deploying tool, and (3) Community comfort with development and use of APPs. To streamline its operations in a rapidly advancing world, the Army is creating an online APP marketplace in the hopes of empowering its soldiers and boosting efficiency.

关键词：电子信息；软件；国防部；应用商店

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VoMBB has become a buzz word in the Global Telecom industry in the recent times, and it is expected to drive business in the coming years. Conceptually, VoMBB includes a carrier-grade voice feature over LTE, Wi-Fi, and HSPA/HSPA  network. While VoWi-Fi has been in the industry for a long time, VoLTE and VoHSPA are still in their infancy phase, but the Global Telecom industry is unanimously in favor of the future of these two technologies. Consequent to the higher penetration of HSPA than LTE, VoHSPA is expected to acquire the market faster than its counterpart VoLTE, during the period 2012-2016. In addition, the Wi-Fi-supported small cell technology is expected to open great avenues for VoWi-Fi.

关键词：移动宽带；语音；VoMBB；电信行业；无线网络；LTE；HSPA/ HSPA

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